Socio-economic resources, young child feeding practices, consumption of highly processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages: a population-based survey in rural northwestern Nicaragua

Table 5 Associations of socio-economic resources and not recommended feeding practices amongst children in Nicaragua

	Highly processed snacks 6–35 m			Sugar-sweetened beverages 6–35 m			Exposed to double burden of suboptimal feeding¹6–35 m
	Unadjusted	Adjusted 1²	Adjusted 2³	Unadjusted	Adjusted 1²	Adjusted 2³	Unadjusted	Adjusted 1²	Adjusted 2³
Socio-economic resources	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Housing quality⁴
Lowest	0.75 (0.55,1.02)	0.69** (0.50,0.97)	0.88 (0.62,1.25)	0.68** (0.50, 0.94)	0.67** (0.47,0.94)	0.76 (0.53,1.09)	1.03 (0.75,1.41)	1.00 (0.72,1.39)	1.15 (0.81,1.63)
Middle	1.01 (0.73,1.38)	0.89 (0.64,1.24)	1.04 (0.74,1.46)	0.81 (0.59, 1.11)	0.73 (0.52,1.01)	0.78 (0.56,1.10)	1.04 (0.76,1.43)	1.00 (0.72,1.38)	1.08 (0.77,1.51)
Highest	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Maternal education⁴
<5 years	0.57** (0.41,0.81)	0.43** (0.30,0.61)	0.47** (0.32,0.68)	0.72 (0.52, 1.01)	0.59** (0.41,0.84)	0.68** (0.46,0.98)	0.74 (0.53,1.03)	0.66 (0.46,0.93)**	0.64 (0.44,0.92)**
5-9 years	0.61** (0.43,0.85)	0.53** (0.37,0.75)	0.55** (0.39,0.79)	0.72 (0.52,1.00)	0.65** (0.46,0.91)	0.71 (0.50,1.00)	0.78 (0.57,1.08)	0.75 (0.54,1.04)	0.73 (0.52,1.03)
≥10 years	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Household food insecurity⁴
Highest	0.66** (0.49,0.88)	0.68** (0.50,0.92)	0.78 (0.57,1.08)	0.62** (0.46,0.83)	0.70** (0.51,0.97)	0.76 (0.55,1.05)	0.95 (0.71,1.27)	0.93 (0.68,1.26)	0.98 (0.72,1.33)
Middle	0.71** (0.53,0.96)	0.73** (0.54,0.99)	0.78 (0.58,1.07)	0.85 (0.63,1.13)	0.86 (0.64,1.17)	0.92 (0.68,1.25)	0.87 (0.65,1.17)	0.91 (0.67,1.23)	0.93 (0.69,1.26)
Lowest	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence intervals; ¹Based on children who had at least one unmet complementary feeding practice (minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency or minimum acceptable diet) and who also consumed at least one highly processed snack or at least one sugar-sweetened beverage; ²Adjusted for child age, maternal age, municipality; ³Adjusted for housing quality, maternal education, household food insecurity, child age, maternal age, municipality; ⁴n/N-values may be larger in housing quality and household food insecurity analyses; **Significance level at <0.05.

ISSN: 1471-2458