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Table 2 Prevalence of recommended and not recommended feeding practices, by socio-economic resources in Nicaragua

From: Socio-economic resources, young child feeding practices, consumption of highly processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages: a population-based survey in rural northwestern Nicaragua

   

WHO feeding indicators1

   
 

Exclusive

breast feeding

0–5 m

Continued

breast feeding

12–15 m

Minimum dietary diversity2

6-35 m

Minimum meal frequency3

6-35 m

Minimum acceptable diet

6–35 m

Highly processed snacks

6–35 m

Sugar-sweetened

beverages

6–35 m

Double burden of suboptimal feeding4

6-35 m

Socio-economic resources

% (n/N)

% (n/N)

% (n/N)

% (n/N)

% (n/N)

% (n/N)

% (n/N)

% (n/N)

All

34 (209)

78 (162)

67 (1135)

61 (1125)

40 (1125)

59 (1135)

36 (1135)

38 (1135)

Housing quality5

        

  Lowest

39 (30/78)

81 (47/58)

62 (274/445)

61 (267/437)

37 (163/437)

54 (242/445)

32 (143/445)

38 (168/445)

  Middle

37 (28/75)

74 (46/62)

69 (298/431)

61 (263/430)

41 (177/430)

62 (265/431)

36 (155/431)

38 (164/431)

  Highest

24 (14/58)

79 (33/42)

71 (188/264)

58 (153/262)

44 (114/262)

61 (162/264)

41 (108/264)

37 (98/264)

 

p = 0.17

p = 0.66

p = 0.012

p = 0.73

p = 0.24

p = 0.062

p = 0.061

p = 0.97

Maternal education5

        

  <5 years

49 (30/61)

80 (51/64)

64 (270/421)

64 (265/416)

39 (163/416)

56 (234/421)

34 (144/421)

36 (151/421)

  5-9 years

37 (32/87)

76 (54/71)

65 (321/494)

61 (297/490)

40 (198/490)

57 (282/494)

34 (169/494)

37 (184/494)

  ≥10 years

16 (10/61)

78 (21/27)

76 (166/220)

54 (118/219)

41 (90/219)

69 (151/220)

42 (92/220)

43 (95/220)

 

p = 0.001

p = 0.88

p = 0.009

p = 0.06

p = 0.88

p = 0.004

p = 0.107

p = 0.18

Household food insecurity5

        

  Highest

41 (28/69)

78 (40/51)

59 (220/372)

63 (229/365)

37 (134/365)

55 (203/372)

30 (110/372)

38 (141/372)

  Middle

34 (24/71)

73 (45/62)

68 (259/383)

63 (238/381)

42 (160/381)

57 (217/383)

37 (140/383)

36 (138/383)

  Lowest

28 (20/71)

84 (41/49)

73 (281/385)

56 (216/383)

42 (160/383)

65 (249/385)

41 (156/385)

39 (151/385)

 

p = 0.30

p = 0.37

p = <0.001

p = 0.13

p = 0.25

p = 0.011

p = 0.006

p = 0.66

  1. WHO, World Health Organization; 1Values are (%) percentages and (n/N); 2Criteria based on consumption of at least one food item of four of the seven food groups during the past day; 3Based on WHO guidelines considering age and breastfeeding status; 4Based on children who had at least one unmet WHO complementary feeding practice and who also consumed at least one highly processed snack or at least one sugar-sweetened beverage; 5n/N-values may be larger in housing quality and household food insecurity analyses; Pearson’s chi-squared test was utilized to find differences of feeding practices, children´s consumption of highly processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages and children´s exposure to a double burden of suboptimal feeding by the socio-economic resources; Significance level at <0.05.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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