Table 3 Association between body mass index or other factors, and back pain among adults aged 50 years or over estimated by multivariable logistic regression

BMI (kg/m²)

18.5-24.9

25.0-29.9

1.19

1.40*

1.23

0.96

0.90

1.01

1.54

1.51*

1.08

(0.85-1.67)

(1.07-1.83)

(0.95-1.59)

(0.85-1.08)

(0.72-1.13)

(0.76-1.34)

(0.86-2.75)

(1.05-2.16)

(0.81-1.44)

30.0-34.9

1.39

1.47*

1.13

1.08

1.23

0.96

1.41

2.76***

1.51*

(0.93-2.06)

(1.10-1.96)

(0.85-1.51)

(0.87-1.34)

(0.92-1.64)

(0.61-1.51)

(0.71-2.78)

(1.83-4.17)

(1.04-2.20)

≥35.0

3.33***

2.03***

1.56*

1.00

0.90

1.21

1.17

2.20*

1.48*

(2.09-5.30)

(1.34-3.09)

(1.03-2.35)

(0.65-1.55)

(0.59-1.36)

(0.56-2.62)

(0.54-2.57)

(1.15-4.21)

(1.02-2.16)

Age (years)

50-59

60-69

0.97

1.40**

1.15

1.17**

1.14

1.20

1.21

1.81**

1.35*

(0.69-1.36)

(1.10-1.78)

(0.88-1.51)

(1.05-1.31)

(0.95-1.36)

(0.95-1.52)

(0.73-2.00)

(1.23-2.67)

(1.04-1.75)

70-79

1.24

1.66**

1.13

1.06

1.29*

1.41*

1.25

3.11***

1.57*

(0.79-1.94)

(1.14-2.40)

(0.87-1.46)

(0.92-1.22)

(1.01-1.66)

(1.01-1.96)

(0.74-2.11)

(1.99-4.86)

(1.10-2.24)

≥80

1.16

1.75**

1.18

0.95

1.05

1.43

1.30

3.53***

1.56

(0.68-2.00)

(1.20-2.55)

(0.81-1.70)

(0.67-1.34)

(0.75-1.47)

(0.91-2.25)

(0.62-2.74)

(1.88-6.64)

(0.89-2.74)

Sex

Male

Female

1.53**

1.45**

2.54***

1.84***

1.32**

2.00***

2.80***

1.40

1.37*

(1.17-1.99)

(1.14-1.84)

(2.05-3.15)

(1.58-2.15)

(1.10-1.59)

(1.56-2.58)

(1.59-4.91)

(0.93-2.10)

(1.02-1.86)

Education

≥Tertiary

Secondary

1.03

1.35

0.98

1.40

0.97

1.29

1.67

1.47*

1.52

(0.78-1.34)

(0.98-1.85)

(0.68-1.40)

(0.96-2.04)

(0.58-1.63)

(0.80-2.08)

(0.59-4.71)

(1.04-2.08)

(0.79-2.90)

≤Primary

0.96

1.50*

1.32

1.72*

1.09

1.79*

1.31

1.67

2.01*

(0.66-1.38)

(1.02-2.20)

(0.89-1.98)

(1.10-2.68)

(0.66-1.82)

(1.14-2.83)

(0.51-3.34)

(0.97-2.85)

(1.04-3.90)

Wealth

Middle

Poorest

0.75

1.06

0.83

1.23

0.55***

1.01

2.26*

0.83

0.97

(0.49-1.14)

(0.76-1.49)

(0.61-1.12)

(0.97-1.57)

(0.41-0.74)

(0.70-1.47)

(1.17-4.35)

(0.52-1.33)

(0.66-1.42)

Poorer

0.98

1.11

0.92

1.07

0.71*

0.79

0.59

0.79

1.20

(0.66-1.44)

(0.76-1.62)

(0.72-1.18)

(0.86-1.33)

(0.54-0.94)

(0.55-1.13)

(0.30-1.13)

(0.42-1.48)

(0.78-1.85)

Richer

0.79

0.73

0.88

0.76*

0.76*

1.18

0.93

0.82

0.93

(0.54-1.15)

(0.52-1.03)

(0.61-1.26)

(0.58-1.00)

(0.58-0.99)

(0.80-1.76)

(0.49-1.75)

(0.43-1.56)

(0.64-1.37)

Richest

0.65

0.85

0.77

0.68**

0.64***

0.74

1.73

1.01

1.03

(0.40-1.05)

(0.60-1.22)

(0.57-1.04)

(0.52-0.89)

(0.50-0.83)

(0.53-1.03)

(0.82-3.68)

(0.58-1.75)

(0.64-1.66)

Depression

No

Yes

2.51*

5.23***

2.51***

3.08***

6.74***

2.40***

2.09*

7.66***

3.89***

(1.26-5.02)

(3.05-8.98)

(1.75-3.58)

(2.07-4.57)

(4.33-10.47)

(1.82-3.16)

(1.07-4.10)

(2.47-23.73)

(1.84-8.22)

Physical activity

High

Moderate

0.81

0.96

0.85

0.99

0.78

0.80

0.90

1.06

1.69*

(0.61-1.07)

(0.72-1.28)

(0.67-1.07)

(0.85-1.16)

(0.57-1.06)

(0.64-1.00)

(0.50-1.64)

(0.72-1.55)

(1.10-2.61)

Low

1.21

0.82

1.33*

0.89

0.83

1.05

0.74

0.72

1.33

(0.86-1.69)

(0.62-1.09)

(1.02-1.73)

(0.73-1.09)

(0.64-1.07)

(0.79-1.39)

(0.44-1.25)

(0.48-1.07)

(0.94-1.88)

Smoking status

Never

Smoker

1.46

1.12

1.11

1.28**

0.94

1.18

1.93

1.30

1.14

(0.97-2.21)

(0.83-1.50)

(0.86-1.43)

(1.08-1.52)

(0.70-1.27)

(0.93-1.50)

(0.98-3.82)

(0.73-2.33)

(0.80-1.64)

Quit

1.34*

1.30

1.19

1.32*

1.25

1.33

1.58

1.79

0.84

(1.01-1.77)

(0.98-1.72)

(0.85-1.65)

(1.02-1.71)

(0.95-1.64)

(0.76-2.35)

(0.82-3.05)

(0.95-3.36)

(0.52-1.34)

Alcohol

Never

Non-heavy

0.76

1.16

1.05

1.21*

0.90

1.25

1.39

1.85**

1.17

consumption

(0.47-1.22)

(0.86-1.57)

(0.74-1.47)

(1.00-1.45)

(0.75-1.09)

(0.92-1.69)

(0.81-2.39)

(1.23-2.77)

(0.85-1.62)

Heavy

0.85

1.90*

0.99

1.10

0.58

0.85

1.38

3.08**

1.69

(0.46-1.58)

(1.09-3.30)

(0.40-2.47)

(0.83-1.45)

(0.32-1.03)

(0.24-3.04)

(0.40-4.80)

(1.45-6.56)

(0.90-3.17)