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Table 3 Symptoms and diagnoses of depression and PTSD among Haitian immigrant students

From: Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among Haitian immigrant students: implications for access to mental health services and educational programming

Symptom

n (%)

Depression

(Children's Depression Inventory n = 165)*

 

I have to push myself all the time/many times to do my schoolwork

65 (39.4%)

My schoolwork is not as good as before/I do very badly in subjects I used to be good in

36 (21.8%)

I feel alone many times/all the time

33 (20%)

I never have fun at school or fun only once in a while

26 (15.8%)

I have some friends but wish I had more/I do not have any friends

26 (15.8%)

Things bother me all the time/many times

25 (15.2%)

Sad many times or all the time

25 (15.2%)

I feel like crying many days/every day

19 (11.6%)

(Youth Self-Report n = 168)**

(selected items reporting somewhat or very true)

 

I feel that I have to be perfect

101 (60.5%)

Lonely

70 (41.7%)

I am nervous or tense

24 (14.5%)

I am too fearful or anxious

20 (12.0%)

Depression (diagnosis; n = 164)

23 (14.0%)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 168)**

(% reported 'a little' or more unless otherwise specified)

Event something that would upset or bother most children a lot

80 (47.6%)

Is it as easy to pay attention as before the event? (% reporting 'no')

78 (46.4%)

Do you feel more alone inside, or more alone with your feelings?

69 (41.1%)

Do thoughts of event come back to you even when you don't want them to?

65 (38.7%)

When something reminds you, or makes you think about the event, do you get tense or upset?

64 (38.1%)

Do you get scared, afraid or upset when you think about event?

63 (37.5%)

Do things sometimes make you think it might happen again?

54 (32.1%)

Do you feel irritable or have outbursts of anger?

53 (31.5%)

Do you go over in your mind what happened?

51 (30.4%)

Do you have good or bad dreams of event or other bad dreams?

50 (29.8%)

Do you feel as good about things you liked to do before the event? (% reporting 'no')

50 (29.8%)

Have you felt so scared, upset, or sad that you couldn't even talk or cry?

49 (29.2%)

Do you want to stay away from things that make you remember what happened to you?

46 (27.4%)

Do you startle more easily or feel more jumpy or nervous than before the event?

43 (25.6%)

Do you avoid thoughts or feelings associated with the traumatic or hurtful events?

40 (23.8%)

Do you feel on guard or extremely aware of what is going on around you?

38 (22.6%)

Do you have recurrent dreams of hurtful or traumatic events?

36 (21.4%)

Do you feel so scared, upset, or sad that you don't really want to know how you feel?

34 (20.2%)

Do you ever feel as if the hurtful or traumatic events were happening all over again?

28 (16.7%)

Do you have more stomach aches, headaches, or other sick feelings since the event than before?

28 (16.7%)

Do thoughts or feelings about what happened get in the way of remembering things?

21 (12.5%)

PTSD (diagnosis; n = 164)

19 (11.6%)

Depression and PTSD (comorbidity; n = 164)

13 (7.9%)

  1. *Percent may not reflect denominator of 165 for some characteristics due to missing data.
  2. **Percent may not reflect denominator of 168 for some characteristics due to missing data.