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Anonymous 1997
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High: Narrative of own story, detailed, personal and angry account
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High: Reported without formal analysis
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Asbring 2002, Asbring 2004
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Medium: Case study; semi-structured interviews (60-150 minutes) to describe the Participants' encounters with their health care providers and possibilities of practicing the participants' power;
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High: Thematic analysis using grounded theory, quotes presented
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Ashby et al 2006
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Medium: Case study; interviews and Likert-style rating scales
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Medium: Content analysis; explicit interpretation by the authors, no quotes from participants
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Blake 1993
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High: Narrative of own story
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High: Reported without formal analysis
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Carlsen 2003
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Medium: Case study; in depth interviews (open interview guide) plus observation of and participation in self help group meetings, plus data from health professionals and social workers,
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High: Thematic analysis; quotes presented.
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Clarke 1999, Clarke & James 2003
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Medium: Case study; open-ended semi-structured telephone interview
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High: Thematic analysis using constant comparative method, separately analysed for men and women; quotes presented.
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Denz-Penhey 1993
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High: Case study; participative action research with cycles of planning, action, observation and reflection with collaboration and participation of the participants; Interviews, statements, field notes, journal entries and questionnaires
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Medium: ethnographic and action research; report of interpretation by the authors.
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Dumit 2006
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High This study drew on entries from internet newsgroup postings (180,000 internet entries), fieldwork and published debates; first person accounts, already in the public domain in internet newsgroups.
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High. Thematic analysis conducted by the authors, early arguments submitted online and on scientific conferences and amended accordingly; quotes presented.
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Edwards et al 2007
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Medium: Case study; in-depth semi-structured interviews (1-1.5 hours)
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High: Interpretative phenomenological analysis; quotes presented.
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Garralda & Rangel 2004
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Medium: Case study; semi-structured interviews with children with CFS and their parents (also children with arthritis and emotional disorders), and standard questionnaires. Note: This review used only the data on children with CFS/ME
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Low: mostly statistical analysis of standardized questionnaire. (percentages and 3-group Kruskal-Wallis for categorical and Mann-Whitney for continuous data comparison).
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Gray & Fossey 2003
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Medium: Case study; semi-structured interviews (purposive sampling, videotaped interviews between participants and OTs, then individual interviews)
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High: thematic analysis and quotes presented.
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Green et al 1999
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Low: Case study; postal standardised questionnaires on stigma, satisfaction in intimate relationships, labelling and symptoms' intensity.
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Low: Statistical analysis (frequencies, percentages, correlations and Fisher's exact test)
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Hammond 2002
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High: Case study; in-depth interviews with claimants and non-claimants of DLA, combined with DLA data set and data from a survey with people with CFS/ME (posted questionnaires).
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High: narrative analysis of in-depth interviews (quote reported); content analysis of DLA data set and posted questionnaires (percentages presented)
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Hoad 1994
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High: Detailed narrative of own story.
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High: Reported without formal analysis
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Horton-Salway 2004
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High: Case study; naturalistic design, in-depth interview with a group member, and ethnographic observation of monthly meetings of a CFS support group and the talk to the group by a clinical psychologist.
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High: Discursive analysis/thematic analysis; quotes reported.
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Jackson 1994
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High: Case study; in-depth interview
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High: Discursive analysis; quotes reported.
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Jason et al 1996
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Moderate: Questionnaire sent out with the CFIDS Chronicle Journal containing open-ended questions on suggestions for improving services to people with CFS; standardized questionnaire on subjects' preferences on health services use (items developed from in-depth interviews).
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Low: Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, difference in means and standard deviations), factor analysis of the standardized questionnaire; quotes not reported.
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Lee et al 2001
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High: Case study; semi-structured interview, observational data and process notes over the course of the interviews, complementary quantitative data
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High: Content and thematic analyses; quotes reported. Descriptive statistics of complementary data (percentages, means and standard deviations, medians),
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Moore 2001
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Medium: Single case study; data collection not reported; unclear whether data was collected via naturalistic observation or interview.
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High: Narrative of the experience of a person with CFS/ME, reported by the researcher without formal analysis, with quotations.
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Ong et al 2005
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High: Case study; collaborative story-building of experience the development of GP-client relationship, based on own stories of a doctor and a client with CFS/ME.
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High: Shared narrative of the experience by the two participants, commented by a researcher.
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Prins et al 2004
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Low: Posted questionnaires with closed questions and scales
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Low: Means of social support compared between demographic and type of illness groups (CFS × others) and correlations. Changes in social support in a 14 month follow-up, MANOVA.
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Rangel et al 2000
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Moderate: Case study; case notes of 25 children with CFS/ME, followed by scales and semi-structured interviews with both children and parents.
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Low: Description of mean and standard deviations; Mann-Whitney test, chi- square or Fish's exact tests to compare ill and recovered groups of children with CFS/ME
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Reynolds & Vivat 2006
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High: Case study; in-depth semi-structured interviews
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High: Narratives analysis; quotes reported.
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Richards et al 2006
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High: Case study; tape recorded semi-structured interviews with 21 adolescents and their parents, carried out in the participants' houses.
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High: content analysis with identification of themes; quotes reported.
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Roche & Tucker 2003
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High: Case study; questionnaires posted to young people with CFS/ME and their carers, one-to-one interviews with members of CFS/ME action group
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High: Discourse analysis, quotes reported.
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Schoofs et al 2004
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Medium: Case study; semi-structured telephone interview and standard questionnaires of general health and health-related quality of life (SF36), quality of life questionnaire and perceived social support (PSSS).
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High: Thematic analysis and descriptive categories using a comparative approach between participants with quotes reported. Bivariate correlations between scores of the questionnaires
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Schweitzer et al 1995
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High: Case-control study of person with CFS/ME compared with 30 undergraduate controls; semi-structured interviews and standardised questionnaire about sickness impact 'Sickness Impact Profile'
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Medium: Thematic analysis of qualitative data, no quotes from participants. (Statistical results did not refer to expressed needs and were not extracted)
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Sutton 1996
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High: Case study; semi-structured interview with patients and GPs.
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High: content analysis of interviews to identify themes and descriptive categories (quotes reported)
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Taylor & Kielhofner 2003
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High: Case study; in-depth interview and standardised questionnaires
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High: Clinical interpretation of the case using patient's life history and information provided by scales of the domains of the MOHO. (quotes reported)
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Taylor 2004
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Low: Randomised controlled trial using standardised measures about quality of life and symptom severity
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Low: repeated measures of ANOVA and regression analysis using random-effects to compare program and control conditions for two outcomes: quality of life and symptom severity.
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Weisstein 2006
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High: Narrative of own story with detailed personal accounts presented, data not analysed, quotations reported
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High: Reported without formal analysis
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Whitehead 2006a; Whitehead 2006b)
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High: Case study; three one-to-one unstructured interviews over 2.5 years.
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High: (2006a) Hermeneutic phenomenological analysis, quotes reported. (2006b) Narrative analysis to identify typologies of restitution, chaos and quest; quotes reported.
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