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Table 2 Bivariate associations between the dependent and independent variables

From: Regional and social differences concerning overweight, participation in health check-ups and vaccination. Analysis of data from a whole birth cohort of 6-year old children in a prosperous German city

 

over-weighta

incomplete U1-U9 check-upsb

incomplete immunizationsc

 

n

%

n

%

n

%

individual level

mother tongue of parentsd

      

- German

384

6.71

904

16.18

3.243

58.93

- other

513

17.33

979

37.61

1.292

47.22

p-valuee

 

<0.0001

 

<0.0001

 

<0.0001

visit to Kindergartenf

      

- yes

815

9.89

1.737

21.99

4.329

54.96

- no

86

15.36

186

44.60

277

57.59

p-valuee

 

<0.0001

 

<0.0001

 

0.2601

sex of the child

      

- boy

483

10.37

962

22.41

2.367

54.94

- girl

450

10.21

992

24.00

2.311

55.45

p-valuee

 

0.8041

 

0.0832

 

0.6422

school district level

single parent householdsg

      

- low (1.8 – 3.0%)

240

8.95

519

20.56

1.500

59.06

- medium (3.1 – 3.7%)

329

9.93

651

20.86

1.756

55.98

- high (3.8 – 8.4%)

364

11.84

801

27.91

1.468

50.78

p-valuee

 

0.0011

 

<0.0001

 

<0.0001

'low education households'h

      

- low (20.9 – 27.0%)

173

7.26

408

18.09

1.334

59.34

- medium (27.1 – 30.8%)

315

9.97

637

21.35

1.707

56.96

- high (30.9 – 40.9%)

445

12.62

926

28.27

1.683

50.65

p-valuee

 

<0.0001

 

<0.0001

 

<0.0001

  1. a) BMI ≥ 90. percentile
  2. b) at least one of the nine check-ups missing
  3. c) at least one out of the nine vaccinations missing
  4. d) German: both parents with mother tongue German; other: all other parents
  5. e) χ2-test
  6. f) yes: child visited Kindergarten for at least one year; no: all other children
  7. g) percentage of single parent households
  8. h) percentage of persons having the lowest educational level (i.e. 'Hauptschulabschluss')