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Table 3 Correlation between ENSO indicators and the occurrence of dengue epidemics over time lags from 1 to 12 months - local climate parameters are also shown for comparison.

From: Effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation on dengue epidemics in Thailand, 1996-2005

Region/Time-lag (month)

ENSO indices

Local climate parameters

 

MEI

SLP

Tmax

Tmean

Tmin

Rh

WDSP

In the five southern coastal provinces

Lag 1

0.51*

-0.14*

0.28*

0.46*

0.47*

NS

NS

Lag 2

0.60*

-0.15*

0.27*

0.44*

0.35*

NS

NS

Lag 3

0.66*

-0.24*

0.35*

0.45*

0.19*

-0.05*

NS

Lag 4

0.68*

-0.22*

0.35*

0.43*

0.16*

-0.07*

NS

Lag 5

0.66*

-0.26*

0.30*

0.32*

NS

-0.07*

NS

Lag 6

0.59*

-0.26*

0.26*

0.25*

NS

-0.07*

NS

Lag 7

0.50*

-0.28*

0.16*

0.19*

NS

NS

NS

Lag 8

0.42*

-0.24*

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Lag 9

0.39*

-0.20*

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Lag 10

0.36*

-0.17*

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Lag 11

0.28*

-0.15*

-0.19*

-0.24*

NS

NS

NS

Lag 12

NS

NS

-0.17*

-0.26*

NS

0.07*

NS

In the eight northern mountainous provinces

Lag 1

1.31*

-0.37*

0.19*

0.25*

0.30*

-0.04*

NS

Lag 2

1.29*

-0.38*

0.23*

0.27*

0.20*

-0.07*

NS

Lag 3

1.26*

-0.39*

0.26*

0.25*

0.12*

-0.09*

NS

Lag 4

1.28*

-0.36*

0.15*

0.09*

NS

-0.06*

NS

Lag 5

1.15*

-0.40*

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Lag 6

0.91*

-0.36*

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Lag 7

0.85*

-0.27*

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Lag 8

0.84*

-0.30*

0.09*

NS

NS

NS

NS

Lag 9

0.88*

-0.23*

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Lag 10

0.93*

-0.35*

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Lag 11

0.84*

-0.41*

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Lag 12

0.60*

-0.37*

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

  1. NOTE. Data shown are the logistic regression coefficient of a lagged variable after adjusting for effects of seasonality, population density, and province.
  2. *Statistically significant; NS, not significant.
  3. Abbreviations: MEI, Multivariate ENSO index (monthly average); SLP, sea level pressure index (monthly average); Tmax, maximum daily temperature (monthly average); Tmin, minimum daily temperature (monthly average); Tmean, mean daily temperature (monthly average); Rh, relative humidity (monthly average); WDSP, wind speed (monthly average).