Combined effects of functionally-oriented exercise regimens and nutritional supplementation on both the institutionalised and free-living frail elderly (double-blind, randomised clinical trial)

Table 5 Mobility – changes in outcome measures between groups: baseline values vs. scores after 7 weeks.

Mobility	Group I (n = 19) PRE+FOE +nutritional supplement	Group II (n = 21) PRE+FOE + placebo	Group III (n = 19) SE+FOE+ nutritional supplement	Group IV (n = 21) SE+FOE + placebo	Overall P-value
	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	mean ± SD
Tinetti – total score	22.4 ± 5.6	22.5 ± 5.4	22.6 ± 5.2	22.1 ± 4.6	NS
Tinetti – balance score	12.7 ± 3.3	12.7 ± 2.7	13.1 ± 3.3	12.4 ± 2.9	0.01
Tinetti – gait score	9.7 ± 2.9	9.8 ± 2.2	9.5 ± 2.3	9.7 ± 2.4	NS
6 MW Test (m.)	287 ± 121	224 ± 110	299 ± 110	263 ± 105	0.002

PRE – Progressive resistance exercises, FOE – Functionally-oriented exercises, SE – Standard exercises, SD – standard deviation, NS – statistically non-significant. Analysis of variance (ANOVA I), with the Bonferroni correction for comparison between the respective groups. Bold font highlights all statistically significant results.

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