Table 3 Characteristics of the study participants by residential location*
Variable | Total (n = 3289) | Rural (n = 1649) | Urban (n = 1640) | PValue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-rated health status | Â | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
excellent and good | 1051 (31.97) | 672 (40.75) | 379 (23.14) | Â |
fair | 1733 (52.72) | 700 (42.45) | 1033 (63.06) | Â |
poor and very poor | 503 (15.30) | 277 (16.80) | 226 (13.80) | Â |
Age, mean (SD) | 58.6 (6.0) | 58.4 (5.8) | 58.8 (6.2) | 0.01 |
Age category, yrs | Â | Â | Â | Â |
50-59 | 1855 (56.40) | 958 (58.10) | 897 (54.70) | 0.0492 |
60-70 | 1434 (43.60) | 691 (41.90) | 743 (45.30) | Â |
Female gender | 1831 (55.67) | 906 (54.94) | 925 (56.40) | 0.3994 |
Beijing region | 1641 (49.89) | 812 (49.24) | 829 (50.55) | 0.4536 |
Married currently | 2882 (87.63) | 1436 (87.08) | 1446 (88.17) | 0.3436 |
Living status (alone, n (%)) | 186 (5.66) | 104 (6.31) | 82 (5.00) | 0.1056 |
Educational level, years in school | Â | Â | Â | < .0001 |
0-6 | 1360 (41.35) | 1107 (67.13) | 253 (15.43) | Â |
7-9 | 1172 (35.63) | 497 (30.14) | 675 (41.16) | Â |
≥10 | 757 (23.02) | 45 (2.73) | 712 (43.41) |  |
Annual income, Yuan | Â | Â | Â | < .0001 |
<10000 | 909 (29.05) | 790 (50.74) | 119 (7.57) | Â |
10000-29999 | 1422 (45.45) | 613 (39.37) | 809 (51.46) | Â |
≥30000 | 798 (25.50) | 154 (9.89) | 644 (40.97) |  |
Employment | Â | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
employed | 785 (23.87) | 517 (31.35) | 268 (16.34) | Â |
retired | 1819 (55.31) | 556 (33.72) | 1263 (77.01) | Â |
unemployed/on welfare | 685 (20.83) | 576 (34.93) | 109 (6.65) | Â |
Social activities (Yes, n (%)) | 1671 (50.81) | 626 (37.96) | 1045 (63.72) | < 0.0001 |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | < .0001 |
current | 919 (27.94) | 513 (31.11) | 406 (24.76) | Â |
former | 329 (10.00) | 180 (10.92) | 149 (9.09) | Â |
never | 2041 (62.06) | 956 (57.97) | 1085 (66.16) | Â |
Current alcohol drinker | 940 (28.58) | 443 (26.86) | 497 (30.30) | 0.03 |
Physical activity, level | Â | Â | Â | < .0001 |
low | 245 (7.45) | 161 (9.76) | 84 (5.12) | Â |
moderate | 1381 (41.99) | 400 (24.26) | 981 (59.82) | Â |
high | 1663 (50.56) | 1088 (65.98) | 575 (35.06) | Â |
Sleep quality | Â | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
well | 1746 (53.20) | 959 (58.26) | 787 (48.11) | Â |
common | 1003 (30.56) | 422 (25.64) | 581 (35.51) | Â |
poor | 533 (16.24) | 265 (16.10) | 268 (16.38) | Â |
Sleep quantity, total hours of sleep/day | Â | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
<7 | 810 (24.68) | 390 (23.68) | 420 (25.69) | Â |
7-9 | 2212 (67.40) | 1089 (66.12) | 1123 (68.69) | Â |
>9 | 260 (7.92) | 168 (10.20) | 92 (5.63) | Â |
Waist circumference(cm), mean (SD) | 83.74 (10.55) | 82.61 (10.73) | 84.87 (10.24) | < 0.0001 |
Hip circumference(cm), mean (SD) | 93.61 (6.85) | 91.91 (6.40) | 95.32 (6.86) | < 0.0001 |
BMI, mean (SD) | 24.46 (3.59) | 24.05 (3.62) | 24.88 (3.51) | < 0.0001 |
BMI category | Â | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
under weight | 111 (3.37) | 74 (4.49) | 37 (2.26) | Â |
normal | 1423 (43.27) | 788 (47.79) | 635 (38.72) | Â |
over weight | 1268 (38.55) | 570 (34.57) | 698 (42.56) | Â |
obese | 487 (14.81) | 217 (13.16) | 270 (16.46) | Â |
Medical insurance (Yes, n (%)) | 2299 (70.11) | 768 (46.69) | 1531 (93.70) | < .0001 |
   Hypertension (Yes, n (%)) | 1796 (54.61) | 930 (56.40) | 866 (52.80) | 0.0385 |
   Diabetic (Yes, n (%)) | 447 (13.97) | 184 (11.37) | 263 (16.64) | < 0.0001 |
   CVD (Yes, n (%)) | 333 (10.35) | 125 (7.69) | 208 (13.07) | < 0.0001 |
   Metabolic syndrome (Yes, n (%)) | 1402 (42.63) | 625 (37.90) | 777 (47.38) | < 0.0001 |
   Crude CES-D scores, mean (SD) | 5.07(7.88) | 5.27(8.41) | 4.87(7.30) | 0.40 |
   Depressive Symptoms (Yes, n (%)) | 312 (9.49) | 169 (10.25) | 143 (8.72) | 0.1346 |