Table 2 Multivariate adjusted determinants of self-rated health status (good/poor) for the total population and stratified population by residential location or gender

Gender

(female vs. male)

1.03 (0.79-1.33)

1.38 (0.96-2.00)

0.84 (0.57-1.23)

Residential location

(rural vs. urban)

1.89 (1.47-2.43)*

1.81 (1.25-2.63)*

2.00 (1.40-2.86)*

Geographic location

(Beijing vs. Shanghai)

1.11 (0.92-1.33)

0.77 (0.59-1.02)

1.45 (1.10-1.91)*

0.92 (0.71-1.21)

1.22 (0.93-1.59)

Age group ‡

(group 1 vs. 2)

1.08 (0.89-1.32)

1.29 (0.99-1.68)

0.85 (0.62-1.18)

1.20 (0.92-1.57)

1.07 (0.78-1.48)

Marital status

(spouse vs. no spouse)

1.11 (0.84-1.46)

1.20 (0.83-1.72)

0.91 (0.59-1.42)

1.30 (0.91-1.85)

0.84 (0.53-1.33)

Educational level, years in school †

*

   group 1 vs. 3

1.21 (0.90-1.63)

0.76 (0.37-1.56)

1.17 (0.75-1.83)

1.87 (1.20-2.90)*

0.83 (0.53-1.28)

   group 2 vs. 3

1.03 (0.80-1.33)

0.73 (0.36-1.48)

1.14 (0.85-1.53)

1.56 (1.06-2.31)*

0.76 (0.53-1.10)

Annual income

   high vs. low

1.38 (1.05-1.82)*

1.40 (0.94-2.09)

1.23 (0.70-2.15)

1.32 (0.91-1.93)

1.39 (0.92-2.09)

   medium vs. low

1.17 (0.94-1.46)

1.18 (0.92-1.52)

1.02 (0.60-1.76)

1.11 (0.82-1.50)

1.16 (0.84-1.60)

Employment

*

   employed vs. retired

1.36 (1.08-1.71)*

1.37 (1.01-1.85)*

1.37 (0.94-1.99)

1.36 (0.96-1.93)

1.35 (0.96-1.90)

   unemployed vs. retired

1.26 (0.99-1.61)

1.29 (0.96-1.74)

0.86 (0.46-1.58)

1.32 (0.94-1.85)

1.13 (0.76-1.69)

Smoking

*

   current vs. never smoker

1.16 (0.89-1.51)

1.17 (0.81-1.68)

1.33 (0.90-1.96)

1.85 (1.11-3.10)*

1.00 (0.73-1.37)

   former vs. never smoker

0.90 (0.63-1.27)

0.96 (0.60-1.54)

0.96 (0.55-1.66)

1.59 (0.69-3.66)

0.77 (0.52-1.15)

Alcohol drinking

(yes vs. no)

1.26 (1.02-1.57)*

1.64 (1.21-2.23)*

1.03 (0.75-1.41)

1.10 (0.73-1.66)

1.35 (1.04-1.75)*

Physical activity

*

*

*

*

   high vs. low

1.64 (1.16-2.33)*

1.56 (1.03-2.36)*

1.94 (0.99-3.79)

1.63 (1.02-2.59)*

1.76 (1.03-3.01)*

   moderate vs. low

1.23 (0.86-1.78)

1.59 (1.01-2.51)*

1.14 (0.58-2.22)

1.26 (0.78-2.05)

1.29 (0.73-2.26)

Sleep quality

*

*

*

*

*

   well vs. poor

2.95 (2.22-3.91)*

3.52 (2.41-5.16)*

2.26 (1.49-3.45)*

3.10 (2.17-4.44)*

2.77 (1.73-4.43)*

   common vs. poor

1.11 (0.82-1.50)

1.27 (0.84-1.93)

0.90 (0.57-1.41)

1.12 (0.76-1.65)

1.08 (0.65-1.80)

Hypertension (no vs. yes)

1.39 (1.17-1.66)*

1.37 (1.08-1.73)*

1.39 (1.07-1.82)*

1.23 (0.96-1.56)

1.63 (1.27-2.09)*

Diabetes (no vs. yes)

2.03 (1.53-2.69)*

1.65 (1.12-2.42)*

2.87 (1.85-4.43)*

1.76 (1.17-2.65)*

2.36 (1.59-3.50)*

CVD (no vs. yes)

3.68 (2.39-5.66)*

5.87 (2.85-12.09)*

2.80 (1.63-4.81)*

2.92 (1.62-5.27)*

4.94 (2.57-9.48)*

Depressive Symptoms

(no vs. yes)

2.50 (1.67-3.73)*

2.71 (1.64-4.49)*

1.93 (1.01-3.71)*

3.26 (1.90-5.59)*

1.70 (0.90-3.18)