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Table 1 Recovery of bacteria colonies (numbers represent colony count units) from used high school football pads before and after treatment with chlorine dioxide.

From: Disinfection of football protective equipment using chlorine dioxide produced by the ICA TriNova system

 

Shoulder Pad-Hard Surface

Shoulder Pad-Soft Surface

Helmet-Soft Surface

Set

Before

After

Before

After

Before

After

1

50

0

TNTC*

0

30

0

2

300

0

400

0

50

0

3

200

2

TNTC

NA

100

0

4

200

1

TNTC

0

20

0

5

200

0

300

0

30

0

6

100

1

TNTC

50**

100

NA

7

100

0

TNTC

0

50

0

8

50

2

TNTC

50**

TNTC

1

9

50

0

TNTC

1

30

3

10

50

0

TNTC

0

150

1

11

75

1

200

10

50

1

12

TNTC

0

TNTC

0

50

1

13

200

0

TNTC

0

100

2

14

75

0

50

5

100

5

P***

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

  1. *TNTC those plates that had greater than 300 colonies present
  2. ** The greater number of recoverable bacteria was most likely a reflection of pad placement such that ClO2 gas did not get good access to the treatment site.
  3. *** Mann-Whitney U-Test