Table 3 Pre-event summary risk profile of mass gatherings in Sydney: non-Communicable diseases
Event | Year | Injury risk among visitors and spectators | Pre-event risk level | Risk of terrorist attack | Pre-event risk level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summer Olympics [32] | 2000 | â–ª Mass gatherings at multiple sporting venues, including temporary buildings â–ª Mass gatherings and alcohol consumption at entertainment sites | Moderate | Bombing at previous Olympics in Atlanta [36] | Low-Biological Moderate-conventional |
Paralympics [32] | 2000 | â–ª Mass gatherings at single sporting venue | Low | No previous history of attack | Low |
Rugby World Cup [33] | 2003 | â–ª Multiple gatherings at various sporting venues | Low | First large, extended international mass gathering in Sydney post-11 September 2001 | Low |
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum [34] | 2007 | â–ª Smaller numbers in localised area | Low | Leaders of 21 member economies Presidents of China, Russia and the United States of America | Moderate/High, biological and/or conventional |
World Youth Day [35] | 2008 | â–ª Mass gatherings at multiple venues, including temporary buildings â–ª Large pilgrimage walk through city streets | Moderate | No previous history of attack | Low |