Table 1 Characteristics of all the participants to the study (N = 574) and of the subgroup (N = 326) admitted to the case-crossover analysisa.
From: A case-crossover study of alcohol consumption, meals and the risk of road traffic crashes
All subjects | Subjects in case-crossover analysis | |
|---|---|---|
Gender, male, No. (%) | 301 (52.4) | 175 (53.7) |
Age, mean ± standard deviation (median) | 39.8 ± 15.2 (38) | 38.2 ± 13.2 (38) |
Level of education, No. (%) | ||
Elementary school | 41 (7.1) | 12 (3.7) |
Middle school | 175 (30.5) | 98 (30.1) |
High school | 271 (47.2) | 165 (50.6) |
University | 86 (15.0) | 51 (15.6) |
Occupation, No. (%) | ||
Employed | 412 (71.8) | 263 (80.7) |
Student | 49 (8.5) | 23 (7.1) |
Housewife | 24 (4.2) | 9 (2.8) |
Retired | 72 (12.5) | 24 (7.4) |
Unemployed | 17 (3.0) | 7 (2.1) |
Marital status, No. (%) | ||
Married (spouse/husband present) | 250 (43.5) | 142 (43.7) |
Widowed, divorced or separated | 76 (13.2) | 36 (11.0) |
Single (never married) | 245 (42.7) | 147 (45.2) |
Nationality, No. (%) | ||
Italian | 522 (90.4) | 296 (91.4) |
Foreign, European Union | 9 (1.6) | 5 (1.5) |
Foreign, Non European Union | 37 (6.4) | 23 (7.1) |
Driving license held for, No. (%) | ||
No license | 31 (6.3) | 13 (4.1) |
<1 year | 11 (2.2) | 6 (1.9) |
1-4 years | 57 (11.6) | 38 (12.1) |
≥ 5 years | 392 (79.8) | 255 (81.7) |
Type of vehicle driven during the crash, No. (%) | ||
Car | 367 (64.4) | 226 (69.3) |
Motorcycle | 111 (19.5) | 64 (19.6) |
Bicycle | 82 (8.5) | 28 (8.6) |
Van | 7(1.2) | 5 (1.5) |
Truck | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.9) |
Vehicle of the crash is of the type most frequently driven, No. (%) | 477 (83.1) | 254 (84.4) |
Weekendb, No. (%) | 191 (33.3) | 103 (31.6) |
Nightb, c, No. (%) | 60 (10.4) | 44 (13.5) |
Unfavourable weather (rain, snow, fog, hail or strong wind)b, No. (%) | 105 (18.3) | 64 (19.6) |
Uneven, wet, or dirty road surfaceb, No. (%) | 196 (34.1) | 111 (34.0) |
Type of crash, No. (%) | ||
Two motor vehicle, head-on | 26 (4.5) | 14 (4.3) |
Two motor vehicle, side | 171 (29.8) | 100 (30.8) |
Two motor vehicle, rear end | 213 (37.1) | 126 (38.8) |
One vehicle (rollover or impact against fixed obstacle) | 78 (13.6) | 49 (15.0) |
Fall from vehicle | 77 (13.4) | 32 (9.8) |
Other | 6 (1.0) | 4 (1.2) |
Previous experience of the route of crash, No. (%) | ||
Habitual or well known | 380 (66.2) | 222 (68.1) |
Already done but not well known | 170 (29.6) | 93 (28.5) |
Entirely new | 22 (3.8) | 11 (3.4) |
Driver at fault (self-rated), No. (%) | ||
Yes | 151 (26.3) | 80 (24.7) |
Partially | 55 (9.6) | 30 (9.3) |
No | 364 (63.9) | 214 (66.0) |