From: Tobacco farming in rural Vietnam: questionable economic gain but evident health risks
Characteristics | South | North | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Tobacco farming commune | Non-tobacco farming commune | p value | Tobacco farming commune | Non-tobacco farming commune | p value |
Sex: n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
â–ª Men | 286 (50.8) | 273 (48.1) | 0.36* | 243 (48.4) | 237 (48.7) | 0.96 |
â–ª Women | 277 (49.2) | 295 (51.9) | Â | 259 (51.6) | 250 (51.3) | Â |
Age: n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
â–ª <15 | 164 (29.1) | 178 (31.3) | 0.15* | 115 (22.9) | 113 (23.2) | 0.84* |
▪ 15–24 | 146 (25.9) | 137 (24.1) |  | 100 (19.9) | 88 (18.1) |  |
▪ 25–44 | 136 (24.2) | 127 (22.4) |  | 173 (34.5) | 181 (37.2) |  |
▪ 45–64 | 108 (19.2) | 104 (18.3) |  | 83 (16.5) | 80 (16.4) |  |
â–ª 64+ | 9 (1.6) | 22 (3.9) | Â | 31 (6.2) | 25 (5.1) | Â |
Education: n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
â–ª No education | 29 (5.2) | 31 (5.5) | 0.69* | 10 (2.1) | 17 (3.5) | 0.06* |
â–ª Not yet complete primary level | 112 (19.9) | 111 (19.5) | Â | 63 (12.6) | 94 (19.3) | Â |
â–ª Complete primary level | 200 (35.5) | 190 (33.5) | Â | 105 (20.9) | 77 (15.8) | Â |
â–ª Complete secondary school | 155 (27.5) | 152 (26.8) | Â | 212 (42.2) | 178 (36.6) | Â |
â–ª Tertiary education and higher | 67 (11.9) | 84 (14.8) | Â | 101 (20.1) | 121 (24.9) | Â |
Occupation: n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
â–ª Farmer | 280 (49.7) | 280 (49.3) | 0.33* | 330 (65.7) | 279 (57.3) | 0.01* |
â–ª Government staff | 4 (0.7) | 4 (0.7) | Â | 6 (1.2) | 24 (4.9) | Â |
â–ª Pupil/student | 211 (37.5) | 195 (34.3) | Â | 122 (24.3) | 132 (27.1) | Â |
â–ª Other | 68 (12.1) | 89 (15.7) | Â | 44 (8.8) | 52 (10.7) | Â |
Per capita income: mean(sd) US$ | 28.5 (24.0) | 20.4 (15.6) | 0.00** | 19.1 (9.3) | 21.8 (14.7) | 0.00** |
Total | 563 (100) | 568 (100) | Â | 502 (100) | 487 (100) | Â |