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Table 4 Adjusted associations between area characteristics and adverse birth outcomes according to maternal birth place, singleton births, Québec, Canada, 1999–2003

From: The joint influence of area income, income inequality, and immigrant density on adverse birth outcomes: a population-based study

 

Foreign-born

Canadian-born

 

OR*

95% CI

OR†

95% CI

OR*

95% CI

OR†

95% CI

PTB

        

   Area income

        

Poorest

0.96

0.85–1.09

0.95

0.83–1.09

1.07

1.02–1.13

1.07‡

1.00–1.14

Intermediate

0.96

0.85–1.09

0.95

0.83–1.08

1.04

0.98–1.11

1.03‡

0.97–1.09

Wealthiest

Referent

 

Referent

 

Referent

 

Referent

 

   Immigrant density

        

Low

0.80

0.65–0.99

0.79

0.63–1.00

1.12

1.06–1.19

1.14‡

1.07–1.21

Intermediate

0.91

0.81–1.03

0.89

0.77–1.02

1.05

0.99–1.12

1.08‡

1.02–1.15

High

Referent

 

Referent

 

Referent

 

Referent

 

   Income inequality

        

High

1.05

0.92–1.21

0.98

0.84–1.15

0.92

0.86–0.98

1.02‡

0.95–1.09

Intermediate

0.97

0.84–1.12

0.93

0.79–1.08

0.96

0.90–1.01

1.01‡

0.96–1.07

Low

Referent

 

Referent

 

Referent

 

Referent

 

SGA birth

        

   Area income

        

Poorest

1.02

0.92–1.14

1.00

0.88–1.13

1.11

1.05–1.17

1.13

1.06–1.20

Intermediate

0.95

0.85–1.06

0.93

0.83–1.05

1.06

1.00–1.13

1.08

1.02–1.15

Wealthiest

Referent

 

Referent

 

Referent

 

Referent

 

   Immigrant density

        

Low

0.98

0.83–1.16

0.96

0.80–1.16

0.98

0.92–1.04

0.94

0.88–1.01

Intermediate

0.95

0.85–1.06

0.93

0.83–1.05

0.99

0.93–1.06

1.01

0.95–1.08

High

Referent

 

Referent

 

Referent

 

Referent

 

   Income inequality

        

High

0.95

0.84–1.07

0.94

0.82–1.09

0.95

0.90–1.01

0.95

0.88–1.02

Intermediate

0.94

0.82–1.06

0.93

0.81–1.06

0.99

0.94–1.05

0.98

0.92–1.04

Low

Referent

 

Referent

 

Referent

 

Referent

 
  1. PTB = preterm birth; SGA = small-for-gestational-age
  2. * Adjusted for individual-level variables (maternal age, education, civil status, birth place, and previous births). PTB is also adjusted for infant sex.
  3. † Adjusted for individual-level variables and all variables in table.
  4. ‡ Results are for generalised estimating equations. All other results are for multi-level logistic regression models.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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