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Table 1 Overview of measurements per visit

From: Early diagnosis of asthma in young children by using non-invasive biomarkers of airway inflammation and early lung function measurements: study protocol of a case-control study

Media/method

 

ED I

ED II

ED III

Follow- up

Definite diagnosis

Exhaled breath

Nitric Oxide

 

Volatile organic compounds

Exhaled breath condensate

Cytokines (IL1a,-2,-4,-5,-6,-10,- 12p70,-13,-18, IFNg, TNFa)

 

Chemokines (MIP1a, MIF, eotaxin, RANTES, IL8, MCP1)

 

Adhesion molecules (sICAM)

 

Nitrate/nitrite

Blood

White blood cell count, differentiation, number of eosinophils

    
 

Total Immunoglobulin E (IgE), and specific IgE

   

 

Regulatory T cells

    
 

Gene polymorphism (e.g. in IL-4, IL-13, TNF-alpha, ADAM33)

    
 

Gene expression (e.g. in IL-4, IL-13, TNF-alpha)

    
 

Anti bodies against Mycoplasma en Chlamydia pneumoniae

    

Saliva

Colonisation of Pneumococcen, Haemophilus (para)influenza, Staphylococcus aureus

   

Faeces

Colonisation of E.Coli en Clostridium difficile

    

Lung function test

Airway resistance (MicroRint) before and after bronchodilator

 
 

Dynamic spirometry (MEFV, FEV1, FVC, MEF50) before and after bronchodilator

    

 

Histamine provocation test

    

Questionnaire

Parental administrated respiratory symptoms (ISAAC)

 

Demographic factors (e.g. smoking, pets)

 

Parental administrated Quality of life (FSII)

  1. ED I/II/III = Consecutive measurements in early diagnosis phase