From: Coming home to die? the association between migration and mortality in rural South Africa
Age (years) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Total N = 41,517 | External in-migrants n = 7,867 | Internal migrants n = 4,403 | Out-migrants 11,476 | Residents n = 17,771 | P-value |
Median | 28 | 28 | 28 | 24 | 33 | |
Internal Quartile | 22 – 39 | 23 – 36 | 22 – 37 | 21–31 | 22 – 45 | |
Range | ||||||
Sex | ||||||
Female | 23,372 (56.3%) | 4,371 (55.6%) | 2,804 (63.7%) | 5,865 (51.1%) | 10,332 (58.1%) | <0.001 |
Male | 18,145 (43.7%) | 3,496 (44.4%) | 1,599 (36.3%) | 5,611 (48.9%) | 7,439 (41.9%) | |
Education | ||||||
Grade 1 to 4 | 6,790 (16.4%) | 1,018 (12.9%) | 670 (15.2%) | 1,036 (9.0%) | 4,066 (22.9%) | |
Grade 5 to 12 | 26,733 (64.4%) | 5,001 (63.6%) | 2,803 (63.7) | 7,309 (63.7%) | 11,620 (65.4%) | |
Tertiary | 275 (0.7%) | 15 (0.2%) | 14 (0.3%) | 112 (1.0%) | 134 (0.8%) | <0.001 |
Don't know | 2,295 (5.5%) | 478 (6.1%) | 290 (6.6%) | 605 (5.3%) | 922 (5.2%) | |
Missing | 5,424 (13.1%) | 1,355 (17.2%) | 626 (14.2%) | 2,414 (21.0%) | 1,029 (5.8%) | |
Age category: | ||||||
18 to 25 | 17,484 (42.1%) | 3,051 (38.8%) | 1,801 (40.9%) | 6,384 (55.6%) | 6,248 (35.2%) | |
26 to 40 | 14,380 (34.6%) | 3,410 (43.4%) | 1,767 (40.1%) | 3,910 (34.1%) | 5,293 (29.8%) | <0.001 |
41 to 60 | 9,653 (23.3%) | 1,406 (17.9%) | 835 (19.0%) | 1,182 (10.3%) | 6,230 (35.1%) | |
Economic status | ||||||
< 7 assets | 18,735 (45.1%) | 3,605 (45.8%) | 2,312 (52.5%) | 4,605 (40.1%) | 8,213 (44.2%) | |
>= 7 assets | 19,744 (47.6%) | 3,755 (47.7%) | 1,670 (37.9%) | 5,413 (47.2%) | 8,906 (50.1% | <0.001 |
Missing | 3,038 (7.3%) | 507 (6.4%) | 421 (9.6%) | 1,458 (12.7%) | 652 (3.7)% | |
Mortality rate/1000 person years | 22.5 | 42.0 | 26.5 | 8.6 | 20.2 |