Table 1 Summary of the questions pertaining to the ASE determinants and intention
ASE determinant | Question topics | Range and meaning | Cronbach's alpha |
|---|---|---|---|
Intention | Do you want to be a smoker in the future | -3 definitely 0 don't know +3 definitely not | N/A |
Attitudes | |||
Advantages | Smoking positively affects Taste When bored, When nervous | -3 strongly agree 0 uncertain +1 disagree | 0.67(Spain) 0.85(UK) |
Disadvantages | Smoking negatively affects ... General health Passive smoking Coughing Fitness Breathing Smoking being a silly thing to do | -1 disagree 0 uncertain +3 strongly agree | 0.70(Spain) 0.82(UK) |
Social acceptance | Smoking positively affects ... Getting on with friends, Joining in with other people, Meeting new people, Being teased | -3 strongly agree 0 uncertain +3 strongly disagree | 0.81(Spain) 0.63(UK) |
Social influences | |||
Social norms | What do the following people think about you smoking? Most people who are important to me Mother, Father, Brother (s), Sister(s), Friends Best friend | -3 definitely think I should smoke 0 uncertain +3 definitely think I should not smoke | N/A |
Modeling 1 | Do the following people smoke Mother Father Siblings, Best friend | -4 do smoke- 0 do not smoke | N/A |
Modeling 2 | How many of the following people smoke Friends, Classmates, Teachers | -4 most smoke -3 a lot smoke -2 half smoke -1 few smoke 0 none smoke | N/A |
Perceived pressure | How often have you felt pressure to smoke from Mother, Father, Brother(s), Sister (s), Friends, Best friend, Class mates, Teachers, Relatives, | -4 very often 0 never | N/A |
Self-efficacy | How easy is it not to smoke if you don't want to When with others who are smoking, When with friends who are smoking, When offered a cigarette, When parent offers a cigarette, When teased because you don't want a cigarette | -3 it would be very difficult to resist 0 uncertain +3 it would be very easy to resist | 0.88(Spain) 0.92(UK) |