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Table 2 Eight-year age-adjusted mobility disability incidence rates per 1,000 person years and corresponding age-adjusted hazard ratios

From: Perceived neighborhood safety and incident mobility disability among elders: the hazards of poverty

 

Rate

95% CI

SE

HR (95% CI)

Non-Hispanic Black

148

125 – 172

0.012

1.15 (0.91 – 1.45)

Non-Hispanic White

130

119 – 142

0.006

Reference

Female

151

136 – 166

0.008

1.33 (1.13 – 1.55)**

Male

107

95 – 119

0.006

Reference

Below poverty

156

133 – 178

0.011

1.31 (1.08 – 1.59)**

Above poverty

120

108 – 131

0.006

Reference

Perceives neighborhood safety hazard due to crime

134

113 – 155

0.011

1.02 (0.83 – 1.25)

Does not perceive safety hazard

132

120 – 144

0.006

Reference

Lives in highest crime neighborhoods

146

122 – 170

0.012

1.16 (0.95 – 1.42)

Lower crime comparison neighborhoods

128

117 – 140

0.006

Reference

Multiple Co-morbid Conditions

171

149 – 193

0.011

1.59 (1.34 – 1.88)**

One or no Co-morbid Conditions

117

106 – 127

0.005

Reference

Obese

164

123 – 206

0.021

1.32 (1.02 – 1.70)*

Not obese

127

116 – 138

0.005

Reference

Depressed

174

140 – 208

0.017

1.37 (1.08 – 1.73)**

None or mild depressive symptoms

127

116 – 138

0.005

Reference

Cognitive Impairment

312

179 – 445

0.068

1.71 (1.15 – 2.54)**

No cognitive Impairment

130

119 – 140

0.005

Reference

Current smoker

147

124 – 170

0.012

1.27 (1.03 – 1.57)*

Former smoker

118

100 – 136

0.009

0.96 (0.79 – 1.16)

Never smoked

133

119 – 147

0.007

Reference

Walked "often" for exercise in past month

118

106 – 130

0.006

0.78 (0.64 – 0.95)*

"Sometimes" walked for exercise

142

120 – 165

0.012

Reference

"Never" walked for exercise

171

143 – 198

0.014

1.18 (0.92 – 1.52)

No alcohol use

151

134 – 168

0.009

Reference

Moderate alcohol intake

121

108 – 133

0.006

0.76 (0.65 – 0.90)**

Heavy alcohol intake

113

73 – 154

0.021

0.83 (0.56 – 1.22)

Moved from baseline residence during the eight year study period

168

150 – 187

0.009

1.41 (1.20 – 1.66)**

Did not move during study period

113

101 – 125

0.006

Reference

More than five years in baseline residence

125

114 – 137

0.006

0.73 (0.61 – 0.87)**

Five years or less in baseline residence

164

141 – 188

0.012

Reference

  1. Table presents the incident cases of mobility disability per 1,000 person-years among participants at risk for a first mobility disability event between years 1982 and 1990. Rates are age-adjusted within decades (65–69 yrs, 70 – 79 yrs, 80 – 89 yrs, and 90 yrs and older). Standard errors (SE) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are calculated in SUDAAN (log rates and standard errors are not shown). Age-adjusted univariate hazard ratios estimating risk of incident mobility disability over eight-years associated with each listed variable and reference group (not adjusted for other covariates) are calculated in proportional hazard models with discrete time intervals. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01