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Table 1 Baseline characteristics. Percentage of study participants who perceive the neighborhood is unsafe due to crime. (N = 1884)†

From: Perceived neighborhood safety and incident mobility disability among elders: the hazards of poverty

 

Total

N(%)

Perceives neighborhood safety hazard due to crime

N (%)

SE

P

Age

    

   65–74

1152 (65)

249 (22)

1.62

0.54

   75 and older

732 (35)

157 (20)

2.50

 

Gender

    

   Male

892 (41)

197 (20)

1.77

0.35

   Female

992 (59)

209 (22)

1.88

 

Race

    

   Non-Hispanic Black

343 (16)

103 (34)*

4.03

< 0.001

   Non-Hispanic White

1541 (84)

303 (19)*

1.49

 

Annual household income

    

Above 1980 federal poverty line

1086 (73)

217 (20)

1.64

0.06

Below poverty line

583 (27)

136 (26)

2.92

 

Co-morbid conditions

    

   Zero or one

1207(65)

240 (20)

1.69

0.19

   Two or more

677 (35)

166 (24)

2.26

 

Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 )

    

   Obese

247 (16)

49 (19)

3.12

0.49

   Not obese

1533 (84)

330 (22)

1.54

 

Cognitive impairment

    

   None or mild impairment

1782 (96)

389 (22)

1.47

0.27

   Significant impairment

91 (4)

15 (16)

5.28

 

Depression

    

   None or mild symptoms

1627 (88)

314 (19)*

1.50

< 0.001

   Depressed

220 (12)

81 (36)*

3.98

 

Smoking history

    

   Current

381 (18.7)

81 (21)

2.82

0.88

   Former

566 (28.8)

132 (22)

2.34

 

   Never

934 (52.5)

193 (21)

1.86

 

Alcohol use

    

   None

843 (43)

183 (22)

2.05

0.88

   Moderate

925 (52)

196 (21)

1.91

 

   Heavy (> 70)

96 (5)

21 (24)

5.43

 

Walks for physical activity

    

   Often

1053 (54)

224 (21)

1.82

0.06

   Sometimes

536 (29)

108 (18)

2.26

 

   Never

282 (17)

72 (28)

3.38

 

Number of years lived at baseline address

    

   5 years or less

727 (23)

147 (19)

2.19

0.17

   Greater than 5 years

1145 (77)

257 (22)

1.66

 

Changed residence

    

   Did not move from baseline address

1282 (66)

262 (19)*

1.64

0.02

   Moved from baseline address at any point during study

602 (34)

144 (26)*

2.38

 

NHR Crime rate

    

Highest crime neighborhood (top tertile)

506 (27)

175 (33)*

3.52

< 0.001

Crime in comparison neighborhoods (1st – 2nd tertiles)

1378 (73)

231 (17)*

1.28

 

Perceives neighborhood safety hazard due to crime

406 (22)

-

-

-

  1. †Weighted percentages are calculated in SUDAAN. No participants had a mobility disability at baseline. Totals do not sum to 100% where data are missing due to item non-response. Missing data on perception of safety N = 45 (2%); Missing data on income = 215 (11%). Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test of proportions in SUDAAN accounts for sample weights. *P < 0.05.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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