Elevated HIV risk behaviour among recently incarcerated injection drug users in a Canadian setting: a longitudinal analysis

Table 1 Risk factors for HIV infection among incarcerated cases (n = 147) before and after a period of incarceration compared to matched controls (n = 742)

Risk factor	Before		After		p-value*
	n	%	n	%
Frequent cocaine injection
Incarcerated	46	31.3	37	25.2	0.170
Matched control	205	27.6	150	20.2	< 0.001
Frequent speedball injection
Incarcerated group	12	8.2	17	11.6	0.297
Matched control	70	9.4	67	9.0	0.748
Need help injecting
Incarcerated group	46	31.3	27	18.4	0.001
Matched control	202	27.2	142	19.1	< 0.001
Binge drug use
Incarcerated group	66	44.9	45	30.6	0.005
Matched control	271	36.5	210	28.3	< 0.001
Unstable housing
Incarcerated group	100	68.0	101	68.7	0.889
Matched control	418	56.3	414	55.8	0.806
Denied addiction treatment
Incarcerated group	24	16.3	19	12.9	0.411
Matched control	95	12.8	81	10.9	0.230
Resident in the DTES
Incarcerated group	96	65.3	78	53.1	0.016
Matched control	377	50.8	343	46.2	0.011
Public drug use
Incarcerated group	32	21.8	22	15.0	0.114
Matched control	116	15.6	110	14.8	0.602
Sex trade participation
Incarcerated group	36	24.5	25	17.0	0.012
Matched control	154	20.8	116	15.6	< 0.001
Syringe sharing
Incarcerated	38	25.9	33	22.5	0.398
Matched control	231	31.3	133	17.9	< 0.001
Condoms w/casual partners
Incarcerated	27	18.4	23	15.7	0.505
Matched control	116	15.6	103	13.9	0.312
Condoms w/regular partners
Incarcerated	30	20.4	28	19.1	0.739
Matched control	133	17.9	113	15.2	0.121

ISSN: 1471-2458