Table 2 Characteristics of the study participants by quality of sleep
Variable, N (%) | Total | Well | Common | Poor | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female gender | 1819(55.71) | 849(48.91) | 603(60.24) | 367(69.51) | <.0001 |
Beijing region | 1628(49.86) | 757(43.61) | 558(55.74) | 313(59.28) | <.0001 |
Rural residence | 1638(50.17) | 956(55.07) | 420(41.96) | 262(49.62) | <.0001 |
Age, mean(std) | 58.59 (6.01) | 58.61 (6.05) | 58.69(6.00) | 58.34(5.90) | 0.5617 |
Age category, years | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.2195 |
   50≤ age <60 | 1845(56.51) | 975(56.16) | 554(55.34) | 316(59.85) |  |
   60≤ age ≤70 | 1420(43.49) | 761(43.84) | 447(44.66) | 212(40.15) |  |
BMI, mean(std) | 24.46 (3.59) | 24.33 (3.50) | 24.66(3.68) | 24.53(3.66) | 0.056 |
BMI category | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.1373 |
   Under weight | 111 (3.40) | 61 (3.51) | 27 (2.70) | 23 (4.36) |  |
   Normal | 1411(43.22) | 776 (44.70) | 423 (42.26) | 212 (40.15) |  |
   Over weight/Obese | 1743(53.38) | 889 (51.79) | 551 (55.04) | 293 (55.49) |  |
Currently married (YES, %) | 2862(87.66) | 1547(89.11) | 858(85.71) | 457(86.55) | 0.0237 |
Living alone (YES, %) | 185(5.67) | 89(5.13) | 63(6.29) | 33(6.25) | 0.3664 |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | <.0001 |
   Current | 910(27.87) | 550(31.68) | 241(24.08) | 119(22.54) |  |
   Former | 326(9.98) | 184(10.60) | 98(9.79) | 44(8.33) |  |
   Never | 2029(62.14) | 1002(57.72) | 662(66.13) | 365(69.13) |  |
Current alcohol drinker | 930(28.48) | 524(30.18) | 293(29.27) | 113(21.40) | 0.0004 |
Physical activity, level | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.0025 |
   Low | 242(7.41) | 120(6.91) | 74(7.39) | 48(9.09) |  |
   Moderate | 1368(41.90) | 681(39.23) | 455(45.45) | 232(43.94) |  |
   High | 1655(50.69) | 935(53.86) | 472(47.15) | 248(46.97) |  |
Educational level, years in school | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.0026 |
   0–6 | 1348(41.29) | 762(43.89) | 366(36.56) | 220(41.67) |  |
   7–9 | 1163(35.62) | 599(34.50) | 371(37.06) | 193(36.55) |  |
   ≥10 | 754(23.09) | 375(21.60) | 264(26.37) | 115(21.78) |  |
Medical insurance (YES, %) | 2280(70.05) | 1236(71.40) | 711(71.24) | 333(63.31) | 0.0011 |
Annual income, Yuan | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.0116 |
   <10000 | 903(29.07) | 512(31.05) | 239(24.82) | 152(30.77) |  |
   10000–29999 | 1409(45.36) | 718(43.54) | 469(48.70) | 222(44.94) |  |
   ≥30000 | 794(25.56) | 419(25.41) | 255(26.48) | 120(24.29) |  |
Employment | Â | Â | Â | Â | <.0001 |
   Employed | 778(23.83) | 473(27.25) | 207(20.68) | 98(18.56) |  |
   Retired | 1803(55.22) | 905(52.13) | 598(59.74) | 300(56.82) |  |
   Unemployed/on welfare | 684(20.95) | 358(20.62) | 196(19.58) | 130(24.62) |  |
Social activities (YES, %) | 1661(50.87) | 910(52.42) | 508(50.75) | 243(46.02) | 0.0362 |
Self-rated health status (good, %) | 1041(31.90) | 754(43.46) | 203(20.30) | 84(15.91) | <.0001 |
Diabetes (YES, %) | 446(14.04) | 211(12.48) | 154(15.81) | 81(15.85) | 0.0255 |
Metabolic syndrome (YES, %) | 1392(42.63) | 694(39.98) | 451(45.05) | 247(46.78) | 0.0038 |
Hyperlipidemia (YES, %) | 430(13.78) | 175(10.45) | 169(17.81) | 86(17.30) | <.0001 |
Cardiovascular disease (YES, %) | 327(10.24) | 122(7.17) | 103(10.59) | 102(19.69) | <.0001 |
Pulmonary disease (YES, %) | 238(7.33) | 111(6.43) | 77(7.73) | 50(9.52) | 0.0501 |
Arthritis (YES, %) | 431(13.41) | 175(10.21) | 144(14.69) | 112(21.54) | <.0001 |
Prostatism (YES, %) | 150(10.81) | 66(7.78) | 55(14.36) | 29(18.59) | <.0001 |
Depressive symptoms (YES, %) | 307(9.40) | 49(2.82) | 116(11.59) | 142(26.89) | <.0001 |
Sleeping pills intake (YES, %) | 97(2.97) | 12(0.69) | 21(2.10) | 64(12.12) | <.0001 |
Having nap (YES, %) | 1382(42.33) | 739(42.57) | 428(42.76) | 215(40.72) | 0.7131 |
Sleep quantity, total hours of sleep/day | Â | Â | Â | Â | <.0001 |
   <7 | 799(24.47) | 209(12.04) | 273(27.27) | 317(60.04) |  |
   7–9 | 2208(67.63) | 1348(77.65) | 668(66.73) | 192(36.36) |  |
   >9 | 258(7.90) | 179(10.31) | 60(5.99) | 19(3.60) |  |