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Table 1 Demographic and lifestyle characteristics according to symptoms of depression among study participants

From: Anger expression, violent behavior, and symptoms of depression among male college students in Ethiopia

Characteristics

Depression*

P-value

 

No (N = 899)

n (%)

Yes(N = 277)

n (%)

 

Age (yr) α

21.5 ± 0.1

21.6 ± 0.2

0.181

College Education Level**

   

   Freshman

345 (38.5)

111 (40.4)

0.824

   Sophomore

179 (20.0)

48 (17.3)

 

   Junior

226 (25.2)

71 (25.6)

 

   Senior

146 (16.3)

45 (16.2)

 

Religion

   

   Orthodox

489 (54.4)

144 (52.4)

0.194

   Protestant

268 (29.8)

88 (31.8)

 

   Muslim

72 (8.0)

15 (5.4)

 

   Other

60 (6.7)

28 (10.1)

 

Childhood Residence

   

   Rural

427 (47.9)

141 (51.5)

0.298

   Urban

465 (52.1)

133 (48.5)

 

Khat chewing

   

   No

613 (69.5)

176 (65.2)

0.104

   Yes

269 (30.5)

94 (34.8)

 

Smoking

   

   No

747 (88.0)

214 (81.4)

0.005

   Yes

102 (12.0)

49 (18.6)

 

Alcohol Drinking

   

   No

447 (52.5)

126 (48.1)

0.121

   Yes

405 (47.5)

136 (51.9)

 

Witnessing Parental Violence

   

   No

556 (75.0)

148 (65.5)

0.005

   Yes

185 (25.0)

78 (34.5)

 

Negative Life Events

   

   None

156 (17.4)

18 (6.5)

<0.001

   1

98 (10.9)

20 (7.2)

 

   2

98 (10.9)

34 (12.3)

 

   3

112 (12.5)

47 (17.0)

 

   ≥4

435 (48.4)

158 (57.0)

 
  1. α Mean ± SEM
  2. *No (Score < 9) and Yes (Score ≥ 10)
  3. **Numbers/percentages may not add up to the total number due to missing data