Table 2 Feeding patterns during the first 3 days among HIV-positive mothers compared to mothers from the general population
HIV-positive n = 235 (%). | General-population mothers n = 727 (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-lacteals given | Breast milk only first 3 days | Exclusive replacement feeding | Pre-lacteals given | Breast milk only first 3 days | |
Gender of infant | |||||
Girl | 68 (62) | 31 (28) | 10 (9) | 200 (58) | 146 (42) |
Boy | 82 (65) | 34 (27) | 10 (8) | 214 (66) | 166 (44) |
Mother's education | * | * | |||
None | 14 (52) | 13 (48) | 0 (0) | 36 (61) | 23 (39) |
Stopped in primary | 87 (70) | 31 (25) | 7 (6) | 187 (62) | 114 (38) |
Completed primary (7 years) | 25 (64) | 8 (21) | 6 (15) | 84 (60) | 54 (39) |
Secondary education | 21 (57) | 10 (27) | 6 (16) | 86 (47) | 97 (53) |
Higher education (12 years and above) | 3 (43) | 3 (43) | 1 (14) | 21 (47) | 24 (53) |
Father's education | ** | ||||
None | 8 (57) | 6 (43) | 0 (0) | 27 (68) | 13 (32) |
Stopped in primary | 44 (61) | 25 (35) | 3 (4) | 112 (70) | 48 (30) |
Completed primary (7 years) | 43 (69) | 13 (21) | 6 (10) | 94 (61) | 60 (39) |
Secondary education | 31 (62) | 14 (28) | 5 (10) | 89 (50) | 88 (50) |
Higher education (12 years and above) | 19 (63) | 7 (23) | 4 (13) | 33 (40) | 50 (60) |
Mother is farming | ** | ||||
Yes | 131 (65) | 56 (28) | 14 (7) | 308 (61) | 199 (39) |
No | 19 (56) | 9 (26) | 6 (18) | 105 (48) | 112 (51) |
Marital status | |||||
Married or cohabiting | 61 (67) | 23 (25) | 7 (8) | 379 (57) | 287 (43) |
Widowed | 71 (63) | 32 (29) | 9 (8) | 4 (67) | 2 (33) |
Separated or divorced | 16 (57) | 9 (32) | 3 (11) | 10 (77) | 3 (23) |
Single | 2 (50) | 1 (25) | 1 (25) | 21 (51) | 20 (49) |
Owning land and/or house | |||||
Yes | 100 (62) | 51 (31) | 11 (7) | 331 (59) | 229 (41) |
No | 50 (69) | 14 (19) | 9 (12) | 77 (50) | 77 (50) |
Rural | 132 (64) | 57 (28) | 16 (8) | 239 (60) | 162 (40) |
Urban | 18 (60) | 8 (27) | 4 (13) | 175 (54) | 150 (46) |
Socio-economic wealth index | * | ** | |||
Bottom quintile | 39 (60) | 23 (35) | 3 (5) | 74 (61) | 48 (39) |
2nd quintile | 39 (80) | 8 (16) | 2 (4) | 92 (65) | 49 (35) |
3rd quintile | 33 (63) | 16 (31) | 3 (6) | 80 (56) | 63 (44) |
4th quintile | 22 (58) | 10 (26) | 6 (16) | 84 (57) | 64 (43) |
Top quintile | 17 (57) | 7 (23) | 6 (20) | 76 (48) | 82 (52) |
Mother's age | |||||
≤ 19 | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 76 (59) | 53 (41) |
20 – 24 | 13 (65) | 6 (30) | 1 (5) | 136 (55) | 111 (45) |
25 – 29 | 38 (62) | 16 (26) | 7 (11) | 87 (60) | 59 (40) |
30 – 34 | 54 (64) | 24 (28) | 7 (8) | 74 (55) | 60 (45) |
≥ 35 | 43 (64) | 19 (28) | 5 (7) | 35 (55) | 28 (44) |
Number of children | ** | ||||
One | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | 0 (0) | 98 (56) | 77 (44) |
2 | 24 (59) | 7 (17) | 10 (24) | 79 (53) | 69 (47) |
3–4 | 53 (65) | 22 (27) | 7 (9) | 117 (60) | 78 (40) |
≥ 5 | 67 (67) | 30 (30) | 3 (3) | 117 (57) | 88 (43) |
Crowdedness, no. of people per room | * | ||||
0 – 2 | 26 (60) | 8 (19) | 9 (21) | 87 (56) | 68 (44) |
2 – 4 | 45 (66) | 18 (27) | 5 (7) | 194 (57) | 148 (43) |
4 – 6 | 45 (67) | 18 (27) | 4 (6) | 83 (58) | 59 (42) |
≥ 6 | 34 (60) | 21 (37) | 2 (4) | 50 (58) | 36 (42) |
HIV-diagnosis related to infant birth | ** | ||||
HIV-diagnosis before birth | 93 (62) | 38 (25) | 19 (13) | ||
HIV-diagnosis after birth | 57 (67) | 27 (32) | 1 (1) | ||