Table 1 Baseline characteristics for HIV-positive mothers and mothers from the general population
HIV-positive n = 235 (%) | General-population mothers n = 727 (%) | Chi-square p (χ 2 ) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender of infant | |||
Girl | 109 (46) | 346 (48) | |
Boy | 126 (54) | 381 (52) | |
Age of infant | |||
< 6 months | 37 (16) | 415 (57) | |
6 – 11 months | 53 (23) | 312 (43) | |
12 – 17 months | 64 (27) | ||
18 – 23 months | 81 (34) | ||
Mother's education | |||
None | 27 (11) | 59 (8) | < 0.01 |
Stopped in primary | 125 (53) | 301 (41) | |
Completed primary (7 years) | 39 (17) | 139 (19) | |
Secondary education | 37 (16) | 183 (25) | |
Higher education (12 years and above) | 7 (3) | 45 (6) | |
Father's education | |||
None | 14 (6) | 40 (6) | |
Stopped in primary | 72 (32) | 161 (26) | |
Completed primary (7 years) | 62 (27) | 154 (25) | |
Secondary education | 50 (22) | 177 (29) | |
Higher education (12 years and above) | 30 (13) | 83 (14) | |
Mother is farming | |||
Yes | 201 (86) | 507 (70) | < 0.001 |
No | 34 (14) | 218 (30) | |
Marital status | |||
Married or cohabiting | 91 (39) | 667 (92) | < 0.001 |
Widowed | 112 (48) | 6 (1) | |
Separated or divorced | 28 (12) | 13 (2) | |
Single | 4 (2) | 41 (6) | |
Owning land and/or house | < 0.01 | ||
Yes | 162 (69) | 561 (78) | |
No | 73 (31) | 154 (22) | |
Rural | 205 (87) | 401 (55) | < 0.001 |
Urban | 30 (13) | 326 (45) | |
Socio-economic wealth index | |||
Poorest quintile | 65 (28) | 122 (17) | < 0.001 |
2nd quintile | 49 (21) | 141 (20) | |
3rd quintile | 52 (22) | 143 (20) | |
4th quintile | 38 (16) | 148 (21) | |
Least poor quintile | 30 (13) | 159 (22) | |
Mother's age | < 0.001 | ||
≤ 19 | 2 (1) | 129 (18) | |
20 – 24 | 20 (9) | 247 (34) | |
25 – 29 | 61 (26) | 146 (20) | |
30 – 34 | 85 (36) | 134 (19) | |
≥ 35 | 67 (29) | 64 (9) | |
Number of siblings | < 0.001 | ||
None | 12 (5) | 175 (24) | |
1 | 41 (17) | 148 (20) | |
2–3 | 82 (35) | 196 (27) | |
≥ 4 | 100 (43) | 205 (28) | |
Crowdedness, no. of people per room | < 0.001 | ||
0 – 2 | 43 (18) | 155 (21) | |
2 – 4 | 68 (29) | 343 (47) | |
4 – 6 | 67 (29) | 142 (20) | |
≥ 6 | 57 (24) | 86 (12) |