Hip fractures and area level socioeconomic conditions: a population-based study

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Relative risks of hip fracture according to categories of socioeconomic indicators, Germany, 1995–2004

Socioeconomic indicator	Relative Risk
	Univariate Poisson regression ^a	Multiple Poisson regression ^b
		Total	Sex-specific		Age-specific (years)
	Total		male	female	<40	40–69	70+
Population density (per increase of 643 persons per km²)	1.03**	1.01	1.02**	1.01*	0.99	1.02*	1.01*
Living space per person (per decrease of 5 m² per person)	0.97**	1.00	0.99	1.01	0.97	0.96	1.01
Non-German nationals (per increase of 7%)	1.05**	0.96*	0.96*	0.96**	0.98	0.97	0.96**
Unemployment rate (per increase of 6%)	0.98**	0.91**	0.94**	0.90**	1.08	0.95	0.89**
Welfare recipients quota (per increase of 2%)	1.06**	1.07**	1.04**	1.08**	0.93**	1.04*	1.09**
Single parent families quota (per increase of 2%)	1.01	1.02**	1.03**	1.02**	1.02	1.02	1.03**
Household income per person (per decrease of 102 euro)	0.95**	1.00	1.00	0.99	1.03	1.01	0.99

^a Models including sex, age (0–39, 40–59, 60–69, 70–79, 80+ years), and each socioeconomic indicator separately
^b Model including sex and/or age, and all socioeconomic indicators * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01

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