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Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for adolescent daily cigarette smoking and occasional smoking

From: Social correlates of cigarette smoking among Icelandic adolescents: A population-based cross-sectional study

Variables

Occasional Smoking

Daily Smoking

 

% n/Na

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)b

% n/Na

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)b

Family structure

      

   Both parents

6.7% (314/4700)

1.0

 

6.6% (309/4695)

1.0

 

   Other arrangements

9.3% (167/1793)

1.44 (1.18–1.75)

0.99 (0.73–1.36)

16.3% (317/1943)

2.76 (2.34–3.27)

1.52 (1.09–2.13)

Mother's education

      

   College or higher

7.1% (401/5687)

1.0

 

8.5% (490/5776)

1.0

 

   Secondary school or less

10.0% (74/741)

1.46 (1.13–1.90)

1.06 (0.70–1.59)

16.1% (128/795)

2.07 (1.68–2.56)

1.01 (0.66–1.55)

Father's education

      

   College or higher

7.2% (425/5892)

1.0

 

8.8% (529/5996)

1.0

 

   Secondary school or less

8.4% (47/561)

1.18 (0.86–1.61)

0.90 (0.54–1.48)

15.3% (93/607)

1.87 (1.47–2.37)

1.05 (0.64–1.73)

Family income

      

   Better off

7.2% (268/3723)

1.0

 

10.5% (406/3861)

1.0

 

   Worse off

7.4% (204/2743)

1.04 (0.86–1.25)

1.07 (0.80–1.44)

7.8% (215/2754)

0.72 (0.61–0.86)

0.97 (0.68–1.36)

Parental support

      

   More

6.2% (220/3573)

1.0

 

6.6% (237/3590)

1.0

 

   Less

8.6% (245/2857)

1.43 (1.18–1.73)

0.80 (0.59–1.07)

12.5% (373/2985)

2.02 (1.70–2.40)

0.90 (0.65–1.26)

Time spent with parents

      

   More

4.3% (122/2836)

1.0

 

3.2% (91/2805)

1.0

 

   Less

9.6% (347//3614)

2.36 (1.91–2.92)

1.33 (0.97–1.84)

13.8% (525/3792)

4.79 (3.81–6.02)

2.27 (1.50–3.44)

Parental control

      

   More

5.4% (157/2909)

1.0

 

5.5% (159/2911)

1.0

 

   Less

8.8% (302/3441)

1.67 (1.38–2.06)

0.91 (0.68–1.23)

12.3% (439/3578)

2.42 (2.01–2.92)

1.12 (0.79–1.59)

Perceived parental reactions if one would smoke cigarettes

      

   Very much/much against

6.7% (409/6126)

1.0

 

5.4% (325/6042)

1.0

 

   Rather against/do not care

20.7% (61/294)

3.66 (2.71–4.94)

2.35 (1.49–3.72)

54.8% (282/515)

21.29 (17.32–26.17)

8.92 (6.04–13.17)

Interparental serious verbal conflict

      

   No

6.1% (314/5148)

1.0

 

7.5% (392/5226)

1.0

 

   Yes, at some point

11.8% (168/1423)

2.06 (1.69–2.51)

1.19 (0.86–1.64)

16.1% (240/1495)

2.36 (1.99–2.80)

1.04 (0.72–1.50)

Parent-adolescent serious verbal conflict

      

   No

4.4% (190/4334)

1.0

 

4.6% (200/4344)

1.0

 

   Yes, at some point

13.1% (292/2237)

3.27 (2.71–3.96)

1.72 (1.27–2.33)

18.2% (432/2377)

4.60 (3.86–5.49)

2.83 (1.98–4.04)

Interparental violence

      

   No

6.7% (419/6224)

1.0

 

8.2% (516/6321)

1.0

 

   Yes, at some point

18.2% (63/347)

3.07 (2.30–4.11)

1.74 (1.02–2.96)

29.0% (116/400)

4.60 (3.64–5.81)

0.80 (0.44–1.47)

Parent-adolescent violence

      

   No

6.9% (434/6312)

1.0

 

8.2% (522/6400)

1.0

 

   Yes, at some point

18.5% (48/259)

3.08 (2.22–4.28)

0.86 (0.46–1.60)

34.3% (110/321)

5.87 (4.58–7.52)

1.53 (0.85–2.78)

Father's smoking

      

   No

6.4% (259/4061)

1.0

 

7.0% (287/4089)

1.0

 

   Yes

9.4% (139/1483)

1.52 (1.22–1.88)

1.03 (0.74–1.42)

17.1% (277/1621)

2.73 (2.29–3.26)

1.12 (0.80–1.59)

Mother's smoking

      

   No

6.6% (282/4261)

1.0

 

6.5% (276/4255)

1.0

 

   Yes

8.9% (126/1411)

1.38 (1.11–1.72)

1.04 (0.74–1.47)

18.5% (292/1577)

3.28 (2.75–3.91)

1.69 (1.20–2.40)

Sibling's smoking

      

   No

6.1% (268/4366)

1.0

 

6.6% (289/4387)

1.0

 

   Yes

11.5% (132/1150)

1.98 (1.59–2.47)

1.19 (0.87–1.65)

20.3% (260/1278)

3.62 (3.02–4.34)

1.55 (1.10–2.18)

Perceived respect from peers if would smoke cigarettes

      

   Less respect

6.5% (403/6223)

1.0

 

7.2% (452/6272)

1.0

 

   More respect

24.6% (72/293)

4.71 (3.54–6.25)

2.25 (1.43–3.53)

43.6% (171/392)

9.96 (7.98–12.43)

3.27 (2.09–5.13)

Friends cigarette smoking

      

   None

1.2% (34/2910)

1.0

 

0.5% (14/2890)

1.0

 

   Some-all

12.5% (443/3547)

12.07 (8.49–17.17)

5.68 (3.38–9.55)

16.1% (595/3699)

39.38 (23.12–67.06)

17.17 (6.18–47.71)

Physical activity

      

   More

4.8% (135/2839)

1.0

 

3.9% (110/2814)

1.0

 

   Less

9.3% (322/3481)

2.04 (1.66–2.51)

1.33 (0.98–1.80)

13.1% (476/3635)

3.70 (2.99–4.59)

2.15 (1.48–3.13)

Healthy nutrition important

      

   Agree

6.9% (389/5628)

1.0

 

7.7% (435/5674)

1.0

 

   Disagree

10.1% (69/684)

1.51 (1.15–1.98)

0.94 (0.62–1.42)

19.5% (149/764)

2.92 (2.38–3.58)

1.35 (0.89–2.03)

Academic Achievement

      

   Higher

5.1% (169/3330)

1.0

 

3.6% (119/3280)

1.0

 

   Lower

9.8% (288/2929)

2.04 (1.68–2.48)

1.17 (0.88–1.57)

14.9% (463/3104)

4.66 (3.78–5.73)

2.12 (1.49–3.02)

Alcohol consumption 30 days

      

   No

2.0% (92/4635)

1.0

 

1.4% (65/4608)

1.0

 

   Yes

21.1% (384/1816)

13.24 (10.47–16.75)

8.81 (6.13–12.64)

28.1% (560/1992)

27.33 (21.00–35.58)

7.64 (5.11–11.41)

Smoke free tobacco use

      

   No

4.9% (290/5882)

1.0

 

5.6% (330/5922)

1.0

 

   Yes

29.4% (185/630)

8.02 (6.51–9.87)

3.57 (2.56–4.98)

39.9% (296/741)

11.27 (9.38–13.55)

5.74 (3.93–8.37)

  1. a Denominators vary from N as a result of differences in missing information.
  2. b The relationship with each variable in this column is adjusted for all other variables in the analysis and gender.