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Table 4 Comparison of estimated risk of death associated with influenza season using different methods of defining the influenza season.

From: Comparing estimates of influenza-associated hospitalization and death among adults with congestive heart failure based on how influenza season is defined

Flu Season Definition

Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

Adjusted Hazard Ratio* (95% CI)

Number of deaths attributable to influenza

Rate of Attributable Excess Deaths** (95%CI)

5% Moving Average

1.10 (0.98–1.22)

1.16 (1.04–1.29)

66

4.69 (3.61 to 5.96)

10% Moving Average

1.03 (0.92–1.15)

1.08 (0.97–1.21)

27

1.92 (1.27 to 2.79)

First/Last Isolate

1.11 (0.995–1.24)

1.19 (1.06–1.33)

114

8.10(6.59 to 9.85)

5% Total Season Isolates

0.997 (0.881–1.13)

1.04 (0.92–1.18)

10

0.71 (0.34 to 1.31)

  1. CI = confidence interval;
  2. * adjusted for trial, age group, NYHA class, co-morbidity index score, enalapril therapy, ejection fraction, and study site.
  3. **Rates are per 1,000 patient-years