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Table 1 Risk of maternal deaths by demographic and pregnancy-related factors among women, rural Tanzania, 1995–96

From: Risk factors for maternal death in the highlands of rural northern Tanzania: a case-control study

Variable

ANC attendees a

Maternal deaths Cases 1 b

OR c (95%CI)

Maternal deaths Cases 2 d

OR c (95%CI)

Total e

135

45

 

31

 

Age

     

   15–24 years

65

14

1.0

9

1.0

   25–34 years

56

18

1.5 (0.7–3.3)

12

1.6 (0.6–4.0)

   35–49 years

14

12

4.0 (1.5–10.6)

9

4.1 (1.3–12.4)

Ward groups f

     

   1

54

4

1.0

3

1.0

   2

6

7

18.0 (2.6–123)

6

17.2 (2.1–143)

   3

27

11

1.4 (0.3–6.9)

6

1.8 (0.3–10.8)

   4

38

15

2.8 (0.7–11.7)

13

3.3 (0.6–17.1)

   5

5

5

23.1 (2.0–271)

1

30.1 (1.1- 823)

   6

5

3

7.6 (0.8–76.7)

2

4.5 (0.3–69.6)

Woman's ethnic affiliation

     

   Iraqw

111

31

1.0

23

1.0

   Datoga

22

8

1.3 (0.5–3.3)

5

1.2 (0.4–3.7)

   Other

2

6

13.6 (2.5–75.0)

3

7.3 (1.1–50.0)

Husband's ethnic affiliation

     

   Iraqw

95

29

1.0

21

1.0

   Datoga

25

9

1.3 (0.5–3.1)

8

1.6 (0.6–4.2)

   Other

4

2

2.3 (0.4–13.7)

1

1.5 (0.2–14.4)

Woman's religious affiliation

     

   Christian

104

27

1.0

19

1.0

   Traditional/other

30

18

2.1 (1.0–4.5)

12

2.0 (0.8–4.9)

Husband's religious affiliation

     

   Christian

84

18

1.0

11

1.0

   Traditional/other

38

22

2.6 (1.2–5.7)

19

3.6 (1.5–8.7)

Woman's education

     

   1–7 years school

96

24

1.0

18

1.0

   No school

38

15

1.2 (0.5–2.6)

12

1.3 (0.5–3.1)

Husband's education

     

   1–7 years school

92

20

1.0

16

1.0

   No school

32

17

2.2 (1.0–5.0)

12

2.0 (0.8–5.1)

Parity

     

   Pregnancy 1

36

10

1.5 (0.6–3.9)

8

1.9 (0.6–5.7)

   Pregnancy 2–4

56

16

1.0

10

1.0

   Pregnancy 5–15

43

17

0.5 (0.2–1.5)

13

0.7 (0.2–2.3)

Previous abortions

     

   No abortions

115

41

1.0

30

1.0

   1–3 abortions

20

2

0.2 (0.04–1.0)

1

0.2 (0.02–1.2)

Previous stillbirths

     

   No stillbirths

122

38

1.0

26

1.0

   1–2 stillbirths

13

5

1.1 (0.4–3.3)

5

1.7 (0.5–5.3)

Previous perinatal deaths

     

   No perinatal deaths

110

34

1.0

24

1.0

   1–3 perinatal deaths

25

9

0.9 (0.4–2.3)

7

1.2 (0.4–3.1)

  1. a Antenatal clinic attendees (control group)
  2. b Cases 1 – all maternal deaths found in the study
  3. c Adjusted for age and ward (place of residence)
  4. d Cases 2- all maternal deaths of women who attended any antenatal clinic during last pregnancy
  5. e There were various numbers of missing cases and controls in the different groups
  6. f Wards grouped according to location: 1 = Haydom (reference), 2 = Dongobesh+Tumati+Bashay; 3 = Basotu+Basodesh; 4 = Maghang+Maretadu; 5 = Laghanga+Getanwas+Hirbadaw; 6 = Yaeda Chini.