Table 3 Association of demographic and socioeconomic variables with tobacco use (n = 2018)
From: Investigating socio-economic-demographic determinants of tobacco use in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Variable (Reference Group) | O.R (95% CI) Unadjusted | Unadjusted (p-value) | O.R (95% CI) Adjusted * | Adjusted (p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Residence | ||||
Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Rural | 1.92(1.5 2.4) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.1 2.0) | 0.01 |
Gender | ||||
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Male | 9.80 (7.2 13.3) | <0.001 | 12.6 (8.8 18.0) | <0.001 |
Age groups (years) | ||||
<30 | 1.0 | 1.00 | ||
30–39 | 0.97 (0.6 1.4) | 0.84 | 0.99 (0.6 1.5) | 0.97 |
40–49 | 1.1 (0.7 1.6) | 0.58 | 0.87 (0.5 1.4) | 0.55 |
50–59 | 2.2 (1.5 3.2) | <0.001 | 1.3 (0.8 1.9) | 0.20 |
>60 | 2.1 (1.4 3.3) | 0.001 | 0.8 (0.5 1.4) | 0.45 |
Income (Rupees) | ||||
<2000 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
2000–3499 | 0.9 (0.5 1.7) | 0.76 | 0.9 (0.4 2.2) | 0.99 |
3500–4999 | 0.8 (0.4 1.6) | 0.59 | 0.9 (0.4 2.0) | 0.80 |
5000–8999 | 0.7 (0.4 1.4) | 0.36 | 0.9 (0.4 2.2) | 0.94 |
>9000 | 0.6 (0.3 1.1) | 0.12 | 1.0 (0.5 2.4) | 0.87 |
Education | ||||
None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Primary | 1.54 (1.1 2.2) | 0.01 | 0.89 (0.6 1.3) | 0.51 |
Middle | 1.62 (1.1 2.3) | 0.008 | 0.57 (0.4 0.9) | 0.02 |
Matric | 0.92 (0.6 1.3) | 0.65 | 0.38 (0.2 0.6) | <0.001 |
FA/FSc | 0.88 (0.5 1.4) | 0.59 | 0.50 (0.3 0.8) | 0.01 |
Graduate & above | 0.33 (0.2 0.7) | 0.002 | 0.16 (0.1 0.3) | <0.001 |
95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval | ||||