24 months) were significant predictors of current smoking among the Poles. An objective validation of the self-reported smoking history of a randomly selected sub-sample immigrant group, using expired carbon monoxide (CO) measurements, showed a highly significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.64) of expired CO levels with the reported number of cigarettes consumed (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Polish immigrants' smoking estimates are higher than their Irish counterparts, and particularly if employed, with only primary-level education, and are overseas >2 years."/>
From: Smoking characteristics of Polish immigrants in Dublin
Variables | Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) | 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
Education | p < 0.0001 | ||
Graduates/Higher | Reference | ||
Secondary | 2.13 | 1.56–2.91 | |
Primary | 3.76 | 2.46–5.74 | |
Employment | p = 0.01 | ||
Unemployed | Reference | ||
Employed | 2.89 | 1.25–6.69 | |
Duration of stay | p = 0.002 | ||
>2 years | Reference | ||
1–2 years | 0.97 | 0.68–1.38 | |
<1 year | 0.61 | 0.45–0.83 |