Skip to main content

Table 2 Drug use and sexual behaviors of 1415 drug users by illicit methadone (IM) use and injection status

From: Correlates of illicit methadone use in New York City: A cross-sectional study

 

Non-injection drug users

Injection drug users

 

Total

Current IM use

No current IM use

 

Total

Current IM use

No current IM use

 
 

n = 955

n = 113

n = 842

 

n = 460

n = 157

n = 303

 
 

n(%) d

n(%)

n(%)

p-value a

n(%) d

n(%)

n(%)

p-value a

Lifetime drug use

Polysubstance use e

831 (87.0)

111 (98.2)

720 (85.5)

< 0.001

455 (98.9)

155 (98.7)

300 (99.1)

0.779b

Crack

722 (75.6)

91 (80.5)

631 (74.9)

0.194

383 (83.3)

136 (86.6)

247 (81.5)

0.164

Cocaine

902 (94.5)

107 (94.7)

795 (94.4)

0.906

451 (98.0)

154 (98.1)

297 (98.0)

0.959

Heroin

631 (66.1)

111 (98.2)

520 (61.8)

< 0.001

458 (99.6)

157 (100.0)

301 (99.3)

0.549b

Current drug use (in last 6 months)

Crack

None

226 (23.7)

22 (19.5)

204 (24.2)

0.264

84 (18.3)

21 (13.4)

63 (20.8)

0.051

Less than daily

374 (39.2)

50 (44.2)

324 (38.5)

0.238

189 (41.1)

72 (45.9)

117 (38.6)

0.134

Daily

236 (24.7)

25 (22.1)

211 (25.1)

0.497

69 (15.0)

25 (15.9)

44 (14.5)

0.690

Cocaine

None

53 (5.5)

6 (5.3)

47 (5.6)

0.906

27 (5.9)

7 (4.5)

20 (6.6)

0.354

Less than daily

613 (64.2)

72 (63.7)

541 (64.3)

0.911

252 (54.8)

87 (55.4)

165 (54.5)

0.845

Daily

91 (9.5)

14 (12.4)

77 (9.1)

0.270

136 (29.6)

58 (36.9)

78 (25.7)

0.013

Heroin

None

320 (33.5)

1 (0.9)

319 (37.9)

< 0.001

4 (0.9)

0 (0)

4 (1.3)

1.000b

Less than daily

354 (37.1)

59 (52.2)

295 (35.0)

< 0.001

190 (41.3)

48 (30.6)

142 (46.9)

0.001

Daily

167 (17.5)

51 (45.1)

116 (13.8)

< 0.001

303 (65.9)

131 (83.4)

172 (56.8)

< 0.001

Methamphetamine

None

892 (93.4)

101 (89.4)

791 (93.9)

0.067

415 (90.2)

137 (87.3)

278 (91.7)

0.098

Less than daily

16 (1.7)

5 (4.4)

11 (1.3)

0.030b

12 (2.6)

7 (4.5)

5 (1.7)

0.073b

Daily

1 (0.1)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

1.000b

3 (0.7)

0 (0)

3 (1.0)

1.000b

Marijuana

None

163 (17.1)

19 (16.8)

144 (17.1)

0.922

104 (22.6)

23 (14.6)

81 (26.7)

0.003

Less than daily

342 (35.8)

47 (41.6)

295 (35.0)

0.184

187 (40.7)

72 (45.9)

115 (38.0)

0.114

Daily

381 (39.9)

40 (35.4)

341 (40.5)

0.281

148 (32.2)

56 (35.7)

92 (30.4)

0.268

Alcohol

None

133 (13.9)

16 (14.2)

117 (13.9)

0.939

122 (26.5)

37 (23.6)

85 (28.1)

0.301

Less than daily

624 (65.3)

76 (67.3)

548 (65.1)

0.649

294 (63.9)

104 (66.2)

190 (62.7)

0.454

Daily

195 (20.4)

21 (18.6)

174 (20.7)

0.606

44 (9.6)

16 (10.2)

28 (9.2)

0.743

Drug dependence, past year

Heroin dependence

381 (39.9)

97 (85.8)

284 (33.7)

< 0.001

421 (91.5)

156 (99.4)

265 (87.5)

< 0.001

Crack dependence

509 (53.3)

62 (54.9)

447 (53.1)

0.846

213 (46.3)

77 (49.0)

136 (44.9)

0.595

Cocaine dependence

516 (54.0)

70 (61.9)

446 (53.0)

0.069

308 (67.0)

105 (66.9)

203 (67.0)

0.674

Withdrawal symptoms in last 6 months

343 (35.9)

72 (63.7)

271 (32.3)

< 0.001

276 (60.0)

104 (66.2)

172 (56.8)

0.003

Drug treatment, last 6 months

Detoxification

167 (17.5)

28 (24.8)

139 (16.5)

0.034

171 (37.2)

47 (29.9)

124 (40.9)

0.018

Methadone maintenance

145 (15.2)

35 (30.1)

110 (13.1)

< 0.001

167 (36.3)

120 (39.6)

47 (29.9)

0.942

Medical outcomes

HIV+

101 (10.6)

6 (5.3)

95 (11.3)

0.056

22 (4.8)

6 (3.8)

16 (5.3)

0.457

HCV+

36 (3.8)

6 (5.3)

30 (3.6)

0.247b

255 (55.4)

86 (54.8)

169 (55.8)

0.596

HBV+

211 (22.1)

24 (21.2)

187 (22.2)

0.832

141 (30.7)

47 (29.9)

94 (31.0)

0.763

Overdose

94 (9.8)

19 (16.8)

75 (8.9)

0.008

96 (20.9)

39 (24.8)

57 (18.8)

0.131

Sexual behaviors

Mean age 1 st intercourse (SD) c

14.0 (3.0)

13.9 (3.1)

14.0 (2.9)

0.652

14.1 (2.7)

14.5 (2.4)

13.9 (2.8)

0.020

Mean number of sexual partners (SD) c

4.8 (14.2)

3.6 (7.5)

4.9 (14.8)

0.144

3.9 (9.8)

4.7 (13.6)

3.4 (6.7)

0.319

Traded sex for money/drugs

304 (31.8)

32 (28.3)

272 (32.3)

0.389

131 (28.5)

48 (30.6)

83 (27.4)

0.487

Sexual partners in last 2 months

Crack user

354 (37.1)

38 (33.6)

316 (37.5)

0.655

96 (20.9)

32 (20.4)

64 (21.1)

0.818

Cocaine user

323 (33.8)

41 (36.3)

282 (33.5)

0.496

104 (22.6)

41 (26.1)

63 (20.8)

0.239

Heroin use

230 (24.1)

54 (47.8)

176 (20.9)

< 0.001

123 (26.7)

47 (29.9)

76 (25.1)

0.247

Lifetime IDU

81 (8.5)

16 (14.2)

65 (7.7)

0.034

122 (26.5)

39 (24.8)

83 (27.4)

0.576

Recent IDU

50 (5.2)

10 (8.8)

40 (4.8)

0.069

110 (23.9)

36 (22.9)

74 (24.4)

0.693

Partner MSM f

388 (40.6)

36 (31.9)

352 (41.8)

0.061

156 (33.9)

51 (32.5)

105 (34.7)

0.573

Hepatitis infected

34 (3.6)

8 (7.1)

26 (3.1)

0.040b

38 (8.3)

12 (7.6)

26 (8.6)

0.639

HIV infected

47 (4.9)

3 (2.7)

44 (5.2)

0.930b

9 (2.0)

4 (2.5)

5 (1.7)

0.385b

  1. a chi-square unless otherwise indicated, b Fisher's exact test, c ttest, d Column percents may not add up due to missing values, e used more than one drug out of the following in lifetime: heroin, crack, cocaine, methamphetamine, f MSM = men who have sex with men