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Table 2 Adjusted fixed effects of individual-level factors on colorectal cancer screening in Missouri, 2006.

From: Geographic variation and effect of area-level poverty rate on colorectal cancer screening

Variable

Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)*

 

CRC screening

Endoscopy use

FOBT use

Demographics

   

   Age (vs. 50–64)

   

65+

1.18 (0.90–1.55)

1.33 (1.03–1.72)

1.50 (0.80–2.82)

   Sex (vs. Male)

   

Female

0.87 (0.64–1.17)

0.89 (0.68–1.16)

0.88 (0.61–1.28)

   Race/ethnicity (vs. White)

   

African American

1.47 (0.98–2.20)

1.64 (1.06–2.52)

0.75 (0.21–2.68)

Hispanic/Others

0.56 (0.43–0.72)

0.49 (0.34–0.72)

1.03 (0.44–2.41)

   Marital Status (vs. Yes)

   

No

0.84 (0.59–1.21)

0.81 (0.55–1.20)

1.13 (0.69–1.86)

   Education (vs. ≥ College-level)

   

<College-level

0.70 (0.52–0.95)

0.69 (0.49–0.98)

0.89 (0.64–1.24)

   Employment (vs. Employed)

   

Not

1.17 (0.85–1.61)

0.97 (0.71–1.33)

1.25 (0.68–2.30)

Retired

1.43 (1.15–1.79)

1.16 (0.92–1.46)

1.02 (0.55–1.90)

   Income (vs. >$50 k)

   

$25 k~50 k

0.78 (0.62–0.98)

0.80 (0.66–0.98)

0.58 (0.34–1.01)

<$25 k

0.85 (0.67–1.08)

0.86 (0.63–1.18)

0.78 (0.50–1.22)

Health Condition

   

   BMI (vs. Normal)

   

Overweight

1.40 (1.04–1.88)

1.30 (1.00–1.69)

1.12 (0.67–1.87)

Obesity

1.57 (1.13–2.18)

1.45 (1.07–1.98)

1.04 (0.67–1.62)

   Comorbidity (vs. No)

   

No

   

Yes

0.96 (0.71–1.31)

1.06 (0.82–1.38)

1.00 (0.61–1.65)

   Mental History (vs. No)

   

Yes

1.44 (1.14–1.83)

1.70 (1.44–2.01)

0.78 (0.49–1.22)

Access to Care

   

   HealthPlan (vs. Yes)

   

No

0.57 (0.35–0.90)

0.58 (0.38–0.89)

0.56 (0.25–1.25)

   Personal Doctor (vs. Yes)

   

No

0.48 (0.32–0.74)

0.42 (0.27–0.64)

0.67 (0.25–1.81)

   Check-up (vs. <1 yr)

   

2–5 yr

0.41 (0.32–0.54)

0.55 (0.41–0.75)

0.24 (0.13–0.46)

>5 yr/Never

0.12 (0.05–0.27)

0.13 (0.06–0.25)

0.19 (0.05–0.82)

Social Support

   

   Emotional support need (vs. Usually+)

   

Sometimes/rarely/Never

0.78 (0.58–1.06)

0.83 (0.63–1.10)

1.12 (0.85–1.46)

Health-related behavior

   

   Smoking (vs. Never)

   

Former

1.01 (0.62–1.64)

0.96 (0.66–1.39)

1.33 (0.86–2.07)

Somedays/EveryDay

0.89 (0.65–1.22)

0.82 (0.63–1.07)

1.28 (0.64–2.55)

   Heavy Drinker (vs. No)

   

Yes

1.73 (0.89–3.38)

2.20 (1.09–4.44)

0.78 (0.22–2.76)

   Physical Exercise (vs. Had)

   

No

0.90 (0.68–1.17)

0.89 (0.68–1.16)

0.86 (0.60–1.22)

Health Status

   

   Self-rated Health (vs. Good+)

   

Fair/Poor

1.00 (0.79–1.26)

1.06 (0.82–1.36)

0.88 (0.62–1.26)

  1. * All of three 3-level multilevel logistic models were adjusted for all individual-level factors and poverty rates at ZIP5- and ZIP3-level.