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Table 3 Some key issues affecting the predictive value of transport HIA

From: Assessing the unintended health impacts of road transport policies and interventions: translating research evidence for use in policy and practice

• Multiple outcomes present conflicting overall benefit and harm at different levels

• Lack of empirical support for plausibility of links to actual health impacts

• Numerous steps and mediating factors influence links between transport and health

• Defining a transport intervention and affected area and population not always straightforward