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Table 3 Attitudes toward smoking, peer influence, family influence, school characteristics, and neighborhood characteristics, by susceptibility status at baseline (N = 1,187)

From: Correlates of susceptibility to smoking among Mexican origin youth residing in Houston, Texas: A cross-sectional analysis

 

N (%)

 

Variable

Susceptible

Not susceptible

P-value

Total

262 (22.1)

925 (77.9)

--

Attitudes toward smoking

   

   Pros of smoking1 *, M (SD)

2.2 (0.7)

1.8 (0.7)

< 0.01

   Cons of smoking1 *, M (SD)

4.4 (1.2)

4.5 (0.7)

0.04

   Temptations to try smoking2 *, M (SD)

1.5 (0.6)

1.3 (0.5)

< 0.01

   Positive outcome expectations3 *, M (SD)

1.5 (0.5)

1.2 (0.3)

< 0.01

   Negative outcome expectations3 *, M (SD)

3.4 (0.6)

3.5 (0.6)

0.10

Peer influence

   

   Normative influence from peers

176 (32.4)

368 (67.6)

< 0.01

Three best friends smoke, M (SD)

0.2 (0.5)

0.1 (0.3)

0.01

   Some friends smoke

59 (48.8)

62 (51.2)

< 0.01

Any friends smoke

63 (47.4)

70 (52.6)

< 0.01

Family influence

   

   Normative influence from family

74 (35.7)

133 (64.3)

< 0.01

   Father currently smokes

91 (26.5)

252 (73.5)

0.02

   Mother currently smokes

32 (37.6)

53 (62.4)

< 0.01

   Brother currently smokes

31 (47.0)

35 (53.0)

< 0.01

   Sister currently smokes

12 (44.4)

15 (55.6)

< 0.01

   Other householder currently smokes

21 (24.4)

65 (75.6)

0.59

School characteristics

   

   Believes s/he can smoke on campus

50 (33.3)

100 (66.7)

< 0.01

   Has taken a health class

209 (21.5)

758 (78.5)

0.28

   Endorses "kids think smoking is cool"

61 (37.9)

100 (62.1)

< 0.01

   Endorses "kids think smoking is stupid"

209 (20.0)

836 (80.0)

< 0.01

   Participates in school sports

153 (22.1)

540 (77.9)

0.99

   Participates in school extracurricular activities

157 (20.5)

610 (79.5)

0.07

   Believes parents will be told if caught smoking on campus

105 (18.9)

452 (81.1)

0.02

   Subjective social status*, M (SD)

7.9 (1.6)

8.4 (1.6)

< 0.01

   School grades*, M (SD)

2.1 (0.8)

1.9 (0.7)

< 0.01

   Detention*, M (SD)

1.3 (2.9)

0.5 (1.7)

< 0.01

Neighborhood characteristics

   

   Believes neighbors will report their smoking to their parents

201 (20.1)

799 (79.9)

< 0.01

   Perceives access to buy cigarettes

15 (42.9)

20 (57.1)

< 0.01

   Has seen pro messages

96 (25.1)

286 (74.9)

0.08

   Has seen anti messages

247 (22.1)

873 (77.9)

0.95

  1. * Higher scores indicate more perceived pros of smoking, more perceived cons of smoking, more temptations to try smoking, more positive expectations about smoking, more negative expectations about smoking, more of three best friends smoke, higher social status, better grades in school, and more detentions.
  2. M, mean; SD, standard deviation.
  3. 1 Decisional Balance Scale; 2 Temptations to try smoking; 3 Outcome expectations.