Does economic development contribute to sex differences in ischaemic heart disease mortality? Hong Kong as a natural experiment using a case-control study

Table 2 Adjusted odds ratio of IHD and pneumonia mortality in men compared with women (reference group OR = 1) stratified by place of birth and age-group

Cause	Age group	Place of birth	All other deaths as controls				Restricted† deaths as controls
			Model 1		Model 2		Model 1		Model 2
	(years)		OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
IHD	35–64	Hong Kong native	2.44	1.48 to 4.02	2.91	1.66 to 5.13	2.08	1.26 to 3.44	2.46	1.39 to 4.34
		Migrant from Guangdong	1.23	0.87 to 1.72	1.35	0.89 to 2.06	1.10	0.78 to 1.54	1.22	0.80 to 1.85
	65+	Hong Kong native	1.11	0.85 to 1.44	1.27	0.72 to 1.40	1.08	0.83 to 1.40	1.24	0.91 to 1.70
		Migrant from Guangdong	0.90	0.81 to 1.00	1.03	0.90 to 1.17	0.87	0.78 to 0.97	1.00	0.88 to 1.14
Pneumonia	35–64	Hong Kong native	1.37	0.79 to 2.39	1.19	0.60 to 2.34
		Migrant from Guangdong	1.18	0.77 to 1.80	1.07	0.61 to 1.85
	65+	Hong Kong native	1.17	0.90 to 1.50	1.16	0.85 to 1.59
		Migrant from Guangdong	1.15	1.04 to 1.26	1.22	1.09 to 1.38

Model 1 adjusted for age (5 year groups)
Model 2 adjusted for age (5 year groups), education (no formal, primary or secondary), housing type (hut/shared, public estate, self-owned or other), smoking (never, ex-smoker or current smoker), leisure exercise (less than once a month or at least once a month) and alcohol use (ever or never)
†restricted controls are all deaths, apart from deaths from IHD and cancers of the breast, prostate, ovary and uterus

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