|  | 35–64 | 65+ | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | IHD | Pneumonia | IHD | Pneumonia | ||||||
Characteristic |  | Cases | Controls †| Restricted controls ‡ | Cases | Controls § | Cases | Controls †| Restricted controls ‡ | Cases | Controls § |
Men | N | 224 | 3190 | 3146 | 127 | 3287 | 965 | 8382 | 8153 | 1195 | 8152 |
   Age | Mean | 56.7 | 53.7 | 53.7 | 55.2 | 53.9 | 76.9 | 76.8 | 76.7 | 80.9 | 76.2 |
   Education | No formal (%) | 10 | 12 | 12 | 17 | 11 | 28 | 33 | 33 | 36 | 32 |
 | Primary (%) | 52 | 48 | 48 | 55 | 48 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 45 | 49 |
 | Secondary (%) | 38 | 40 | 40 | 28 | 41 | 23 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
   Housing type | Hut/shared (%) | 11 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 |
 | Public estate (%) | 47 | 49 | 49 | 51 | 48 | 45 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 49 |
 | Self-owned (%) | 38 | 33 | 33 | 27 | 33 | 42 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 36 |
 | Other (%) | 4 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 6 |
   Birthplace | Hong Kong (%) | 38 | 38 | 38 | 35 | 39 | 15 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 |
   10 years previously |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   Exercise | <1/month (%) | 76 | 75 | 75 | 86 | 74 | 64 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 68 |
   Smoking | Never (%) | 35 | 33 | 33 | 23 | 34 | 36 | 28 | 28 | 34 | 28 |
 | Ex-smoker (%) | 7 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 24 | 21 |
 | Current smoker (%) | 58 | 61 | 61 | 69 | 60 | 44 | 51 | 51 | 43 | 51 |
   Alcohol use | Never (%) | 47 | 56 | 44 | 45 | 43 | 57 | 48 | 48 | 54 | 48 |
Women | N | 68 | 1553 | 1314 | 48 | 1573 | 967 | 7717 | 7332 | 1339 | 7345 |
   Age | Mean | 57.5 | 53.0 | 53.3 | 54.1 | 53.1 | 81.0 | 80.9 | 81.1 | 85.6 | 80.0 |
   Education | No formal (%) | 35 | 24 | 26 | 38 | 24 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 75 | 70 |
 | Primary (%) | 40 | 45 | 45 | 42 | 45 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 18 | 24 |
 | Secondary (%) | 25 | 31 | 29 | 21 | 31 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 |
   Housing type | Hut/shared (%) | 7 | 8 | 8 | 13 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 8 |
 | Public estate (%) | 49 | 50 | 51 | 54 | 50 | 46 | 45 | 46 | 43 | 46 |
 | Self-owned (%) | 38 | 38 | 37 | 29 | 38 | 39 | 37 | 37 | 33 | 38 |
 | Other (%) | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 14 | 7 |
   Birthplace | Hong Kong (%) | 29 | 45 | 44 | 38 | 45 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 13 |
   10 years previously |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   Exercise | <1/month (%) | 74 | 69 | 69 | 77 | 69 | 63 | 66 | 66 | 71 | 64 |
   Smoking | Never (%) | 88 | 90 | 89 | 85 | 90 | 79 | 76 | 76 | 80 | 76 |
 | Ex-smoker (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 |
 | Current smoker (%) | 10 | 9 | 10 | 14 | 9 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 15 |
   Alcohol use | Never (%) | 87 | 89 | 89 | 85 | 89 | 89 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 |