Table 1 Potential determinants of mental health identified from previous frameworks

STAKES [16]

Family sphere

School

Work

Community and environment

Administration and services

Societal structures and resources

Societal policies

Organisational policies

Educational resources

Housing resources

Economic resources

Availability and quality of services

Cultural values

Prevailing societal values (equity, human rights)

Societal value given to mental health

Rules regulating social interactions

Social criteria of mental health and ill-health

Friedli (2003) [17]

Health, and Mental health and social services

Neighbourhood (as opposed to housing)

Quality of the natural environment

Environment (including noise, pollution)

Cultural and leisure facilities (including sport)

Community safety

Childcare and self-help networks

The Solid Facts (Wilkinson & Marmot, 2003) [18]

'Stress' generated by institutions such as schools and workplaces

Social isolation

Material and financial insecurity

Poor circumstances during pregnancy

Discrimination

Racism

Prisons

Addiction

Transport (no explicit mental health links)

OTHER MODELS (e.g., Dahlgren and Whitehead) [19]

Biology and genetic endowment (not directly susceptible to policy intervention)

Gender

Water and sanitation