Table 2 Pooled effect sizes for different sub-categories of studies.
From: Alcohol use as a risk factor for tuberculosis – a systematic review
Study category | No of studies | Hetero-geneity test Cochrane's Q p-value (I2) | Pooled, fixed effect assumption (95% confidence interval) | Pooled, random effect assumption (95% confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Level of exposure | ||||
High exposure | 11 | < 0.01 (0.82) | 2.90 (2.39–3.51) | 3.50 (2.01–5.93) |
Low exposure | 4 | 0.46 (0.00) | 1.08 (0.82–1.40) | 1.08 (0.82–1.40) |
High-exposure studies | ||||
Controlled* for HIV status | 7 | 0.03 (0.57) | 2.93 (2.37–3.61) | 3.26 (2.26–4.70) |
Controlled* age, sex, SES, smoking | 5 | 0.04 (0.61) | 3.27 (2.38–4.50) | 3.49 (2.06–5.90) |
Controlled* HIV, age, sex, SES, smoking | 4 | 0.07 (0.42) | 3.92 (2.70–5.71) | 4.08 (2.49–6.68) |
Controlled* infection, age, sex, SES | 4 | 0.23 (0.30) | 4.11 (2.84–5.94) | 4.21 (2.73–6.48) |
Excluding three smallest studies | 8 | 0.03 (0.59) | 2.75 (2.19–3.46) | 2.94 (1.89–4.59) |
Excluding three smallest and Brown I and Kim | 6 | 0.32 (0.15) | 2.76 (2.34–3.81) | 2.96 (2.28–3.85) |
Pulmonary TB cases only** | 2 | 0.49 (0.00) | 3.67 (2.58–5.22) | 3.67 (2.58–5.22) |
All types of TB** | 6 | < 0.01 (0.83) | 2.52 (1.98–3.19) | 2.87 (1.47–5.58) |