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Table 4 Characteristics of those needing care, care inputs and caregiver strain, by dementia status

From: The epidemiology of dependency among urban-dwelling older people in the Dominican Republic; a cross-sectional survey

 

Those with dementia needing care N = 105

Others needing care N = 132

All those needing care N = 237

Statistical tests (all 1 df unless otherwise specified)

p-value

Characteristics of those needing care

     

Three or more physical illnesses

44 (41.9%)

65 (49.2%)

109 (46.0%)

χ2 = 1.3

0.26

Stroke

36 (34.3%)

20 (15.2%)

56 (23.6%)

χ2 = 11.9

0.001

ICD 10 depressive episode

28 (26.7%)

36 (27.3%)

64 (27.0%)

χ2 = 0.0

0.92

WHODAS II disability scale score (mean/SD)

57.3 (25.3)

41.0 (20.3)

48.2 (24.0)

T = -5.4 (194)

<0.001

NPI-Q Behavioural and psychological symptoms severity score (median/interquartile range) 1 MV

10 (5–17)

5 (2–9)

7 (3–12)

Z = -5.4

<0.001

Care inputs

     

Needs much care

82 (78.1%)

61 (46.2%)

143 (60.3%)

χ2 = 24.0

<0.001

Time per day spent supervising

     

0

75 (71.4%)

123 (93.2%)

198 (83.5%)

χ2 = 20.1

<0.001

1–5 hours

15 (14.3%)

9 (6.8%)

24 (10.1%)

  

6 hours +

15 (14.3%)

0 (0%)

15 (6.3%)

  

Time per day spent assisting with ADL (% spending more than one hour)

     

Transport

4 (3.9%)

9 (6.8%)

13 (5.5%)

χ2 = 0.03

0.86

Dressing

17 (18.2%)

11 (8.3%)

28 (11.8%)

χ2 = 20.5

<0.001

Eating

21 (20.0%)

10 (7.5%)

31 (13.0%)

χ2 = 13.1

<0.001

Looking after appearance

22 (20.9%)

13 (9.8%)

35 (14.7%)

χ2 = 7.7

0.006

Toileting

23 (21.9%)

10 (8.6%)

33 (13.9%)

χ2 = 21.4

<0.001

Bathing

27 (25.8%)

9 (6.8%)

36 (15.2%)

χ2 = 30.2

<0.001

Caregiver strain indicators

     

Caregiver psychological morbidity (SRQ>8)

32 (30.5%)

32 (24.2%)

64 (27.0%)

χ2 = 1.2

0.28

Caregiver cut back on work to care

33 (31.4%)

31 (23.5%)

64 (27.0%)

χ2 = 0.63

0.43

Caregiver Zarit Burden Interview score (mean/SD)

24.4 (16.6)

17.4 (13.8)

20.5 (15.0)

t = 3.6 (df = 232)

<0.001

Daytime paid help required

24 (22.9%)

17 (13.2%)

41 (17.5%)

χ2 = 3.7

0.05

Night time paid help required

18 (17.1%)

10 (7.7%)

28 (12.0%)

χ2 = 4.8

0.03

Additional informal support required

48 (46.2%)

49 (37.4%)

97 (41.3%)

χ2 = 1.5

0.22