Table 1 Characteristics and clinical features of HIV-infected TB patients at the time of TB diagnosis, stratified by markers for viral hepatitis infection.
From: Viral hepatitis and HIV-associated tuberculosis: Risk factors and TB treatment outcomes in Thailand
Characteristics and clinical features | All patients | Non-reactive for HBsAg and anti-HCV | Reactive for | Unknown | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 769) | (n = 472) | (n = 17) | ||||
Only HBsAg | Only anti-HCV | HBsAg and anti-HCV | ||||
(n = 43) | (n = 210) | (n = 27) | ||||
Characteristics | ||||||
Age >34 years old | 380 (49) | 221 (47) | 21 (49) | 115 (55) | 12 (44) | 11 (65) |
Male | 538 (70) | 294 (62) | 32 (74) | 175 (83) | 25 (93) | 12 (71) |
>6th grade education | 300 (39) | 182 (39) | 20 (47) | 83 (40) | 9 (33) | 6 (35) |
Employed | 452 (59) | 298 (63) | 28 (65) | 103 (49) | 16 (59) | 7 (41) |
Single | 237 (31) | 125 (27) | 14 (33) | 83 (40) | 10 (37) | 5 (29) |
Body mass index <18.5 | 443 (58) | 270 (57) | 24 (56) | 116 (55) | 21 (78) | 12 (71) |
Low TB knowledge | 592 (77) | 369 (78) | 27 (63) | 162 (77) | 21 (78) | 13 (77) |
High TB stigma | 500 (65) | 294 (62) | 26 (61) | 146 (70) | 20 (74) | 14 (82) |
Live in Bangkok | 177 (23) | 37 (8) | 4 (9) | 122 (58) | 13 (48) | 1 (6) |
TB disease classification | ||||||
Pulmonary TB | 461 (60) | 261 (55) | 21 (49) | 146 (70) | 21 (78) | 12 (71) |
Smear positive | 283 (37) | 169 (36) | 13 (62) | 80 (38) | 11 (52) | 10 (59) |
Abnormal chest x-ray | 415 (54) | 233 (49) | 17 (81) | 134 (64) | 20 (95) | 11 (65) |
Extra-pulmonary TB | 230 (30) | 168 (36) | 16 (37) | 37 (18) | 5 (19) | 4 (24) |
Pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB | 78 (10) | 43 (9) | 6 (14) | 27 (13) | 1 (4) | 1 (6) |
TB treatment | ||||||
Registered for TB treatment as new case | 667 (87) | 424 (90) | 35 (81) | 173 (82) | 19 (70) | 16 (94) |
Received standard or extended HRZE | 665 (87) | 430 (91) | 35 (81) | 168 (80) | 17 (63) | 15 (88) |
DOT by healthcare worker or village health volunteer | 246 (32) | 100 (21) | 17 (40) | 107 (51) | 14 (52) | 8 (47) |
Drug and alcohol use, and incarceration history | ||||||
Currently smoke | 205 (27) | 94 (20) | 10 (23) | 86 (41) | 10 (37) | 5 (29) |
History of alcohol use | 538 (70) | 317 (67) | 30 (70) | 159 (76) | 20 (74) | 12 (71) |
History of methamphetamine use | 304 (40) | 146 (31) | 11 (26) | 128 (61) | 15 (56) | 4 (24) |
History of marijuana use | 267 (35) | 118 (25) | 11 (26) | 120 (57) | 13 (48) | 5 (29) |
History of ketamine use | 26 (3) | 11 (2) | 1 (2) | 11 (5) | 1 (4) | 2 (12) |
History of ecstasy use | 32 (4) | 16 (3) | 1 (2) | 12 (6) | 1 (4) | 2 (12) |
History of sleeping pill use | 138 (18) | 56 (12) | 9 (21) | 64 (31) | 7 (26) | 2 (12) |
History of inhalant use | 130 (17) | 53 (11) | 8 (19) | 57 (27) | 9 (33) | 3 (18) |
History of injection drug use | 199 (26) | 43 (9) | 4 (9) | 134 (64) | 15 (56) | 3 (18) |
History of incarceration | 303 (39) | 122 (26) | 17 (40) | 144 (69) | 16 (59) | 4 (24) |
High-risk sexual practices | ||||||
Have >4 sex partners in past 6 months | 9 (1) | 5 (1) | 1 (2) | 2 (1) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) |
Not always use condom* | 247 (74) | 151 (73) | 13 (59) | 67 (77) | 6 (67) | 10 (100) |
Have sex with a sex worker in past 6 months* | 29 (4) | 17 (4) | 3 (7) | 7 (4) | 2 (7) | 0 (0) |
Men who have sex with men | 42 (8) | 25 (9) | 7 (22) | 6 (4) | 2 (8) | 2 (17) |
Laboratory studies | ||||||
Aspartate aminotransferase ≥ 120 units/L | 67 (9) | 35 (7) | 7 (16) | 18 (9) | 4 (15) | 3 (18) |
Alanine aminotransferast ≥ 165 units/L | 17 (2) | 10 (2) | 2 (5) | 3 (1) | 1 (4) | 1 (6) |
Bilirubin >2 mg/dL | 77 (10) | 50 (11) | 6 (14) | 14 (7) | 4 (15) | 3 (18) |
CD4+ T-lymphocyte* (cells/μL), median (range) | 63 (0–93) | 53 (0–750) | 41 (1–675) | 76 (0–823) | 101 (1–893) | 139 (18–552) |
Medicines taken during TB treatment | ||||||
Co-trimoxazole | 665 (87) | 411 (87) | 39 (91) | 181 (86) | 22 (82) | 12 (71) |
Fluconazole | 454 (59) | 309 (66) | 27 (63) | 100 (48) | 11 (41) | 7 (41) |
Anti-retroviral therapy | 328 (43) | 247 (52) | 25 (58) | 48 (23) | 5 (19) | 3 (18) |