Table 5 Summary of studies reporting comorbidities with cardiovascular disease.

NHS 2004–05 [2] ≥ 65 yrs n = 3,212 HSVD^a self-report all conditions (prevalence 18.4%)

Krum et al, 2006 [44] mean age 64 yrs, n = 479, admission to hospital for MI^a, comorbidities from hospital administrative data and records

O'Halloran et al, 2003 [42] ≥ 65 yrs n = 2,976 GP encounters (IHD^a prevalence 16.9%)

Parker et al, 2006 [37] mean age 63 yrs, n = 489 hospital admission for ACS^a, depression assessed by CIDI^b, comorbidities self-report

Simons et al, 2002 [45] ≥ 60 yrs n = 2,217 (Dubbo study) hospital admission for MI^a (prevalence 18.7%), comorbidities from medical history and clinical examination

Krum et al, 2001 [46], ≥ 60 yrs, n = 22,060, GP diagnosis CHF^a (prevalence 13.2%), comorbidities from hospital administrative data and records

Stewart et al, 2001 [41] ≥ 55 yrs (mean age 76 yrs) n = 200 hospital admission CHF^a, comorbidities hospital discharge data

O'Halloran et al, 2003 [42] ≥ 65 yrs n = 2976 GP encounters (HT^c prevalence 45.6%)

Sturm et al, 2004 [47] mean age 71 yrs, n = 226 (NEMESIS)^a, stroke detected & diagnosed by medical practitioner, comorbidities by past medical history and/or current presentation (diabetes or AF^a)

NHS 2004–05 [2] ≥ 25 yrs n = 17,202 HSVD self-report all conditions (prevalence 5.7%)

Powell et al, 2001 [48], 20–85 yrs (mean age 66 yrs) n = 1765, hospital admission for HD (AMI, angina, IHD, CHF)^c ICD-9 CM, comorbidities extracted from medical records and coded to corresponding ICD-9 CM diagnosis codes

Burvill et al, 1997 [39] all ages, n = 191 (Perth community stroke study), first ever stroke (physician diagnosis), self-report co-morbidities at time of stroke^e