Table 1 Operationalised criteria for memory impairment (A1), and other domains of cognitive impairment (A2), when applied to the Cuban population based study data set, by clinical dementia status
Prevalence (%) in those with clinically diagnosed dementia | Prevalence (%) (high education controls) | Prevalence (%) (low education controls) | |
|---|---|---|---|
A1 Memory impairment (must be present) | |||
A1_1 > 1.5 standard deviations below the mean for their age and education group (among those free from dementia) on all three tests of memory and/or | 37 | 2 | 2 |
A1_2 > 1.5 standard deviations below the mean for their age and education group on at least two tests of memory and at least two memory lapses reported by informant, of which one should occur 'frequently' and/or | 55 | 3 | 3 |
A1_3 > 1.5 standard deviations below the mean for their age and education group on at least one test of memory and at least three memory lapses reported by informant, of which at least two should occur 'frequently' and/or | 69 | 3 | 4 |
A1_4 >= four memory lapses are reported by informant, of which at least three occur 'frequently' and/or | 78 | 4 | 5 |
A1_5 Severe memory impairment rated by the GMS interviewer | 51 | 1 | 2 |
A1 OVERALL | 71 | 3 | 3 |
A2 – language impairment, apraxia, agnosia and executive impairment – at least one must be present | |||
A2a. Language impairment | |||
Score of <= 4 on CSI'D' language subscale and/or | 32 | 2 | 2 |
Score of <= 5 on CSI'D' language subscale and informant reports that participant 'sometimes' or 'frequently' uses wrong words or has difficulty saying words, and/or | 22 | 1 | 1 |
informant reports that participant 'frequently' uses wrong words or has difficulty saying words | 23 | 1 | 1 |
A2a OVERALL | 52 | 2 | 3 |
A2b. Apraxia | |||
Unable to dress, or wrong sequence/forgets items (DRESS >= 2) and/or | 22 | 0 | 1 |
Cannot eat cleanly with proper utensils (FEED >= 1) and/or | 20 | 1 | 1 |
Apraxia score <= 3 and some impairment in dressing or feeding (DRESS or FEED >= 1) | 29 | 1 | 2 |
A2b OVERALL | 31 | 1 | 2 |
A2c. Agnosia | |||
the informant reports that the participant misidentifies family or friends and/or | 27 | 1 | 1 |
five or fewer of the seven objects/body parts are named correctly | 33 | 2 | 4 |
A2C OVERALL | 43 | 3 | 5 |
A2_d Executive function | |||
participant cannot learn palm-fist-hand after five trials and/or | 52 | 7 | 15 |
participant cannot sequence palm-fist-hand and/or | 69 | 9 | 25 |
informant reports that participant 'frequently' has difficulty in adjusting to routine and/or | 25 | 7 | 8 |
informant reports any degree of impairment in three or more of the four examples of executive function | 52 | 2 | 3 |
informant reports some degree of impairment in two or more of the four examples of executive function and the participant scored more than 1.5 standard deviations below the mean for their age and education group (among those free from dementia) on the animal naming test | 46 | 1 | 1 |
A2_d OVERALL | 93 | 16 | 31 |