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Table 4 Relationships between attitudes to work and mental health among prisoners and the unemployed (moderated regression).

From: Mental health (GHQ12; CES-D) and attitudes towards the value of work among inmates of a semi-open prison and the long-term unemployed in Luxembourg

   

General Health Questionnaire [0–100]

CES-Depression [0–100]

   

b1

L952

U953

SE4

p5

b

L95

U95

SE

p

Prison inmates

Intercept

 

81.4

37.8

125.1

21.9

< 0.001

63.9

20.6

107.2

21.8

0.004

- employment commitment

Perceived importance of work

 

-0.28

-0.55

-0.01

0.14

0.043

-0.02

-0.29

0.25

0.14

0.905

- socio-psychological variables

Empowerment

 

0.23

-0.27

0.73

0.25

0.361

-0.10

-0.59

0.40

0.25

0.695

 

Self-esteem

 

-0.24

-0.53

0.04

0.15

0.096

-0.11

-0.39

0.18

0.14

0.465

 

Social network; availability of social support

 

-0.06

-0.26

0.14

0.10

0.534

-0.19

-0.38

0.01

0.10

0.063

- socio-demographic variables

Age

15–24

0

-

-

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

  

25–34

-0.50

-11.4

10.3

5.4

0.927

3.2

-7.6

13.9

5.4

0.560

  

35–44

-1.4

-15.2

12.3

6.9

0.836

-7.7

-21.3

5.9

6.8

0.265

  

45 or more

0.01

-13.9

14.0

7.0

0.998

-3.6

-17.4

10.2

6.9

0.604

 

Educational level

Lower level

0

-

-

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

  

Average level

4.4

-4.7

13.5

4.6

0.339

-16.4

-25.4

-7.4

4.5

< 0.001

  

Higher level

11.9

-4.2

28.1

8.1

0.145

-10.4

-26.4

5.7

8.0

0.202

 

Duration of work experience

None

0

-

-

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

  

Less than 24 months

-10.5

-24.5

3.6

7.1

0.141

-1.6

-15.5

12.4

7.0

0.823

  

24 months or more

-5.3

-18.1

7.4

6.4

0.407

0.88

-11.8

13.6

6.4

0.890

 

Considers self to be ill

No

0

-

-

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

  

Yes

-6.9

-17.9

4.2

5.5

0.218

1.7

-9.2

12.7

5.5

0.756

Unemployed

Intercept

 

63.0

40.2

85.8

11.5

< 0.001

85.5

62.9

108.2

11.4

< 0.001

- employment commitment

Perceived importance of work

 

0.47

0.21

0.74

0.13

< 0.001

0.40

0.13

0.66

0.13

0.004

- socio-psychological variables

Empowerment

 

-0.50

-1.0

0.01

0.25

0.054

-0.82

-1.3

-0.32

0.25

0.002

 

Self-esteem

 

-0.47

-0.79

-0.15

0.16

0.004

-0.33

-0.65

-0.02

0.16

0.039

 

Social network; availability of social support

 

0.05

-0.11

0.21

0.08

0.554

-0.07

-0.23

0.09

0.08

0.411

- socio-demographic variables

Age

15–24

0

-

-

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

  

25–34

0.47

-9.6

10.5

5.0

0.925

-8.8

-18.8

1.1

5.0

0.082

  

35–44

8.0

-2.3

18.4

5.2

0.126

-5.4

-15.6

4.9

5.2

0.301

  

45 or more

10.3

-0.27

20.9

5.3

0.056

-0.32

-10.8

10.2

5.3

0.952

 

Level of education

Lower level

0

-

-

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

  

Average level

-10.8

-19.0

-2.6

4.1

0.010

-7.8

-15.9

0.34

4.1

0.060

  

Higher level

3.6

-5.5

12.8

4.6

0.432

0.75

-8.4

9.9

4.6

0.870

 

Duration of work experience

None

0

-

-

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

  

Less than 24 months

8.2

-0.34

16.8

4.3

0.060

-0.68

-9.2

7.8

4.3

0.873

  

24 months or more

-8.0

-18.4

2.5

5.2

0.132

-0.71

-11.1

9.7

5.2

0.892

 

Considers self to be ill

No

0

-

-

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

  

Yes

15.7

6.4

25.1

4.7

0.001

2.7

-6.5

12.0

4.6

0.556

  1. 1b: Parameter estimate; 2L95: Lower limit of the 95% confidence interval; 3U95: Upper limit of the 95% confidence interval; 4SE: Standard error; 5p: Significance level of the t-test.