Table 1 Characteristics of the EPIC-Norfolk cohort by social class measured at baseline from 1993 – 1997
I | II | IIIa | IIIb | IV and V | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men N | 526 | 2655 | 818 | 1459 | 965 | |
Age (years) | 59.7 (0.40) | 59.6 (0.18) | 60.6 (0.31) | 59.2 (0.23) | 60.1 (0.27) | 0.627 |
Weight (kg) | 79.9 (0.46) | 80.7 (0.21) | 80.2 (0.37) | 79.7 (0.28) | 79.3 (0.37) | 0.002 |
Height (cm) | 175.5 (0.27) | 175.0 (0.13) | 174.4 (0.23) | 173.3 (0.17) | 172.7 (0.21) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 25.9 (0.13) | 26.3 (0.06) | 26.3 (0.11) | 26.5 (0.08) | 26.6 (0.11) | <0.001 |
Follow up time (years) | 3.6 (0.03) | 3.7 (0.02) | 3.6 (0.03) | 3.7 (0.02) | 3.6 (0.02) | 0.084 |
Smoking N (%) † | ||||||
Current | 24 (5) | 196 (7) | 72 (9) | 175 (12) | 134 (14) | <0.001‡ |
Former | 255 (48) | 1409 (53) | 463 (57) | 836 (57) | 541 (56) | |
Never | 247 (47) | 1050 (40) | 283 (35) | 448 (31) | 290 (30) | |
Physical Activity N (%) † | ||||||
Inactive | 141 (27) | 744 (28) | 288 (35) | 353 (24) | 254 (26) | <0.001‡ |
Moderately inactive | 190 (36) | 786 (30) | 237 (29) | 224 (15) | 168 (17) | |
Moderately active | 119 (23) | 629 (24) | 164 (20) | 423 (29) | 259 (27) | |
Active | 76 (14) | 496 (19) | 129 (16) | 459 (31) | 284 (29) | |
Energy Intake (kj) § | 9091 (111) | 9162 (50) | 9190 (87) | 9476 (72) | 9256 (87) | 0.005 |
Plasma Vitamin C (umol/l) # | 53.3 (0.86) | 51.0 (0.36) | 49.0 (0.69) | 46.7 (0.51) | 45.6 (0.64) | <0.001 |
Women N | 574 | 3052 | 1619 | 1657 | 1294 | |
Age (years) | 57.5 (0.37) | 57.9 (0.16) | 59.9 (0.23) | 57.5 (0.21) | 58.6 (0.24) | 0.084 |
Weight (kg) | 66.4 (0.47) | 67.0 (0.20) | 66.8 (0.27) | 67.6 (0.28) | 68.7 (0.34) | <0.001 |
Height (cm) | 162.5 (0.25) | 161.9 (0.11) | 161.1 (0.15) | 160.7 (0.15) | 160.6 (0.17) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 25.2 (0.17) | 25.6 (0.07) | 25.7 (0.10) | 26.2 (0.10) | 26.7 (0.13) | <0.001 |
Follow up time (years) | 3.5 (0.03) | 3.6 (0.01) | 3.7 (0.02) | 3.7 (0.02) | 3.7 (0.02) | 0.002 |
Smoking N (%) † | ||||||
Current | 39 (7) | 248 (8) | 141 (9) | 172 (10) | 139 (11) | <0.005‡ |
Former | 161 (28) | 959 (31) | 530 (33) | 533 (32) | 403 (31) | |
Never | 374 (65) | 1845 (60) | 948 (59) | 952 (57) | 752 (58) | |
Physical Activity N (%) † | ||||||
Inactive | 108 (19) | 725 (24) | 503 (31) | 444 (27) | 345 (27) | <0.001‡ |
Moderately inactive | 197 (34) | 1042 (34) | 562 (35) | 522 (32) | 372 (29) | |
Moderately active | 171 (30) | 778 (25) | 341 (21) | 380 (23) | 301 (23) | |
Active | 98 (17) | 507 (17) | 213 (13) | 311 (19) | 276 (21) | |
Energy Intake (kj) § | 7982 (86) | 8035 (40) | 8143 (54) | 8200 (57) | 8288 (68) | <0.001 |
Plasma Vitamin C (umol/l) # | 64.1 (0.88) | 62.9 (0.39) | 59.7 (0.49) | 58.6 (0.48) | 57.0 (0.58) | <0.001 |
All N | 1100 | 5707 | 2437 | 3116 | 2259 | |
Women N (%) | 574 (52) | 3052 (53) | 1619 (66) | 1657 (53) | 1294 (57) | 0.008 |
Age (years) | 58.6 (0.28) | 58.7 (0.12) | 60.2 (0.18) | 58.3 (0.16) | 59.3 (0.18) | 0.165 |
Weight (kg) | 72.9 (0.39) | 73.4 (0.17) | 71.3 (0.25) | 73.3 (0.23) | 73.3 (0.27) | 0.913 |
Height (cm) | 168.7 (0.27) | 168.0 (0.12) | 165.6 (0.18) | 166.6 (0.16) | 165.8 (0.18) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 25.5 (0.11) | 25.9 (0.05) | 25.9 (0.07) | 26.3 (0.07) | 26.6 (0.08) | <0.001 |
Follow up time (years) | 3.6 (0.02) | 3.7 (0.01) | 3.7 (0.01) | 3.7 (0.01) | 3.7 (0.02) | <0.001 |
Smoking N (%) † | ||||||
Current | 63 (6) | 444 (8) | 213 (9) | 347 (11) | 273 (12) | <0.001‡ |
Former | 416 (38) | 2368 (41) | 993 (41) | 1369 (44) | 944 (42) | |
Never | 621 (56) | 2895 (51) | 1231 (51) | 1400 (45) | 1042 (46) | |
Physical Activity N (%) † | ||||||
Inactive | 249 (23) | 1469 (26) | 791 (32) | 797 (26) | 599 (27) | <0.001‡ |
Moderately inactive | 387 (35) | 1828 (32) | 799 (33) | 746 (24) | 540 (24) | |
Moderately active | 290 (26) | 1407 (25) | 505 (21) | 803 (26) | 560 (25) | |
Active | 174 (16) | 1003 (18) | 342 (14) | 770 (25) | 560 (25) | |
Energy Intake (kj) § | 8509 (71) | 8561 (33) | 8495 (47) | 8797 (47) | 8701 (55) | <0.001 |
Plasma Vitamin C (umol/l) # | 58.8 (0.64) | 57.3 (0.28) | 56.1 (0.41) | 53.0 (0.37) | 52.1 (0.45) | <0.001 |