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Table 2 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics by HIV and foreign birth status*.

From: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and foreign birth in North Carolina, 1993 – 2006

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics

HIV+ (%) N = 563

HIV – (%) N = 3,388

Foreign Born (%) N = 1,299

US Born (%) N = 4,821

Verification†

    

   Laboratory

516 (91.7)

2,873 (84.8)

1,070 (82.4)

4,070 (84.4)

   Clinical

16 (2.8)

383 (11.3)

163 (12.6)

579 (12.0)

   Provider

31 (5.5)

132 (3.9)

66 (5.1)

172 (3.6)

Site of disease

    

   Extrapulmonary

151 (26.8)

757 (22.3)

402 (31.0)

964 (20.0)

   Pulmonary

412 (73.2)

2,631 (77.7)

897 (69.0)

3,857 (80.0)

HIV status

    

   Positive

  

74 (7.8)

471 (9.8)

   Negative

  

943 (72.6)

2,444 (50.7)

   Not tested

  

264 (20.32)

1,906 (39.5)

Foreign-birth status

    

   Foreign

92 (16.3)

943 (27.8)

  

   United States

471 (83.7)

2,444 (72.1)

  

   Missing

0 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

  

Time in US ‡

    

   0 – 1 years

22 (23.9)

271 (28.7)

  

   2 – 5 years

31 (33.7)

351 (37.2)

  

   >5 years

34 (37.0)

305 (32.3)

  

   Missing

5 (5.4)

16 (1.7)

  

Sex

    

   Female

122 (21.7)

1,101 (32.5)

474 (36.5)

1,649 (34.2)

   Male

441 (78.3)

2,287 (67.5)

825 (63.5)

3,172 (65.8)

Age (years)

    

   0 – 4

1 (0.2)

64 (1.9)

17 (1.3)

133 (2.8)

   5 – 14

0 (0.0)

37 (1.1)

29 (2.2)

107 (2.2)

   15 – 24

11 (2.0)

330 (9.7)

257 (19.8)

165 (3.4)

   25 – 44

380 (67.5)

1,272 (37.5)

692 (53.3)

1,178 (24.4)

   45 – 64

165 (29.3)

1,138 (33.6)

225 (17.3)

1,527 (31.7)

   65+

6 (1.1)

546 (16.1)

78 (6.0)

1,711 (35.5)

   Missing

1 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Previous TB disease

    

   Yes

33 (5.9)

187 (5.5)

6 (5.1)

268 (5.6)

   No

529 (94.0)

3,198 (94.4)

1,230 (94.7)

4,550 (94.4)

   Missing

1 (0.2)

3 (0.1)

3 (0.2)

3 (0.1)

Homeless

    

   Yes

106 (18.8)

265 (7.8)

37 (2.9)

372 (7.7)

   No

445 (79.0)

3,115 (92.0)

1,250 (96.2)

4,428 (91.9)

   Missing

12 (2.1)

8 (0.2)

12 (0.9)

21 (0.4)

Drug use (injecting)

    

   Yes

48 (8.5)

42 (1.2)

6 (0.5)

92 (1.9)

   No

432 (76.7)

3,069 (90.6)

1,229 (94.6)

4,024 (83.5)

   Missing

83 (14.7)

277 (8.2)

64 (4.9)

705 (14.6)

Drug use (non-injecting)

    

   Yes

171 (30.4)

364 (10.7)

40 (3.1)

540 (11.2)

   No

311 (55.2)

2,761 (81.5)

1,192 (91.8)

3,591 (74.5)

   Missing

81 (14.4)

263 (7.8)

67 (5.2)

690 (14.3)

Excess alcohol use

    

   Yes

210 (37.3)

864 (25.5)

89 (6.9)

1,165 (24.2)

   No

278 (49.4)

2,289 (67.6)

1,143 (88.0)

2,993 (62.1)

   Missing

75 (13.2)

235 (6.9)

67 (5.2)

663 (13.8)

  1. * Excluding 292 (4.6%) with concomitant pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease; among remaining TB cases, 2,173 (33.5%) were not tested for HIV and 4 (0.1%) were missing foreign birth status.
  2. † Laboratory: positive M. tuberculosis culture or positive acid-fast stain; Clinical: positive tuberculin skin test, signs and symptoms consistent with TB, treatment with TB medication, and a completed diagnostic evaluation; Provider: cases that do not meet the laboratory or clinical case definition, but have a clinical picture consistent with TB.
  3. ‡ Time in US prior to diagnosis among foreign born cases (n = 1,299).
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