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Table 5 Cox's proportional hazard regression model for smoking status and emergency department presentation by sex and age group in NSW, 2002–2004

From: The effects of alcohol consumption, psychological distress and smoking status on emergency department presentations in New South Wales, Australia

Sex, age and smoking status

Emergency Department Presentation Prevalence Rate Ratioa(95% CI)

Males

16–29 years

30–59 years

60+ years

Total Males

Current smoker

1.86* (1.14, 3.03)

1.28 (0.98, 1.68)

0.79 (0.61, 1.04)

1.34† (1.12, 1.61)

Ex-smoker

1.62† (1.21, 2.16)

1.21 (0.72, 2.03)

1.06 (0.83, 1.35)

1.28* (1.00, 1.64)

Never smoker

1

1

1

1

Females

16–29 years

30–59 years

60+ years

Total Females

Current smoker

1.78* (1.20, 2.65)

1.27 (1.00, 1.61)

1.14* (1.03, 1.25)

1.38† (1.32,,1.45)

Ex-smoker

1.45* (1.08, 1.95)

1.30* (1.04, 1.62)

1.17 (0.98, 1.41)

1.29† (1.10, 1.51)

Never smoker

1

1

1

1

Persons

16–29 years

30–59 years

60+ years

Total Persons

Current smoker

1.82† (1.32, 2.50)

1.29† (1.11, 1.50)

1.00 (0.90, 1.11)

1.38† (1.25, 1.52)

Ex-smoker

1.53† (1.22, 1.93)

1.26 (1.00, 1.60)

1.17† (1.08, 1.28)

1.30† (1.11, 1.51)

Never smoker

1

1

1

1

  1. Source: New South Wales Population Health Survey, Centre for Epidemiology and Research, NSW Department of Health.
  2. a Controlling for alcohol consumption, psychological distress, household income and marital status.
  3. † P < 0.01. * P < 0.05.