From: Determinants of sexual activity and its relation to cervical cancer risk among South African Women
Factor | Total* | Age at sexual debut < 16 yrs (N = 357) | Crude PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PR ** (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | N | N (%) | ||
< 30 | 97 | 23 (24) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.4) | 1.5 (0.9 – 2.4) |
30–39 | 373 | 81 (22) | 0.8 (0.6 – 1.1) | 1.0 (0.7 – 1.4) |
40–49 | 605 | 43 (24) | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.2) | 1.0 (0.7 – 1.3) |
50–59 | 425 | 110 (26) | [1.0] *** | [1.0]* |
Marital status | ||||
Single | 337 | 72 (21) | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.2) |
Divorced | 221 | 49 (22) | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.3) | 1.0 (0.7 – 1.4) |
Widowed | 171 | 49 (29) | 1.2 (0.9 – 1.6) | 1.2 (0.8 – 1.6) |
Married | 771 | 187 (24) | [1.0]* | [1.0]* |
Race | ||||
Black | 351 | 89 (25) | 1.1 (0.9 – 1.4) | 1.2 (0.9 – 1.6) |
Coloured | 1149 | 268 (23) | [1.0] *** | [1.0]*** |
Area of residence | ||||
Urban | 801 | 172 (22) | [1.0] *** | [1.0]*** |
Rural | 699 | 185 (26) | 1.2 (1.0 – 1.5) | 1.2 (0.9 – 1.5) |
Years formal education | ||||
< 4 | 412 | 152 (37) | 3.8 (2.5 – 5.9) | 4.1 (2.6 – 6.6) |
5–9 | 837 | 181 (22) | 2.3 (1.5 – 3.5) | 2.4 (1.6 – 3.8) |
≥ 10 | 251 | 24 (10) | [1.0]* | [1.0]*** |
Ever use of IPCs + | ||||
Yes | 1170 | 275 (24) | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.2) | 1.0 (0.8 – 1.3) |
Never | 330 | 82 (25) | [1.0] *** | [1.0]*** |
Ever COC use ++ | ||||
Yes | 592 | 120 (20) | 0.8 (0.6 – 1.0) | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.1) |
Never | 908 | 237 (26) | [1.0]* | [1.0]*** |
Ever had PAP | ||||
Yes | 1113 | 249 (22) | 0.8 (0.6 – 1.0) | 1.0 (0.8 – 1.3) |
Never | 386 | 108 (28) | [1.0] *** | [1.0]*** |
Smoking status | ||||
Never smoked | 602 | 131 (22) | [1.0] *** | [1.0]*** |
Ex-smoker | 175 | 41 (23) | 1.1 (0.8 – 1.5) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.3) |
Current smoker | 723 | 185 (26) | 1.2 (0.9 – 1.5) | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.2) |
Alcohol use | ||||
Never | 721 | 134 (19) | [1.0] *** | [1.0]*** |
Past use | 271 | 66 (24) | 1.3 (1.0 – 1.8) | 1.1 (0.8 – 1.5) |
Current use | 508 | 157 (31) | 1.7 (1.3 – 2.1) | 1.4 (1.1 – 1.8) |
Number sexual partners | ||||
1 | 410 | 65 (16) | [1.0]* | [1.0]*** |
2 | 510 | 122 (24) | 1.5 (1.1 – 2.0) | 1.3 (1.0 – 1.7) |
3 | 301 | 78 (26) | 1.6 (1.1 – 2.2) | 1.4 (1.0 – 1.9) |
≥ 4 | 275 | 89 (32) | 1.9 (1.4 – 2.7) | 1.9 (1.3 – 2.7) |
High risk HPV | ||||
Positive | 244 | 63 (26) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
Negative | 1255 | 294 (23) | [1.0]* | [1.0]* |