Sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic and opioid medicament use and its co-occurrence with tobacco smoking and alcohol risk drinking in a community sample

Table 4 Sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics (SHA), opioids, and other medicaments users

	SHA^a	Opioids^b	Other medicaments	No medicaments	Total
Outpatient care 12 months
Neurologist or psychiatrist	10.6	3.4	72.2	13.8	100.0
GP, not neurologist or psychiatrist	2.2	1.0	61.9	34.9	100.0
Other, not neurologist or psychiatrist	1.6	1.1	59.3	38.0	100.0
No	0.0	0.2	18.8	81.0	100.0
All individuals	Chi² 557.9; df 6; p < 0.001; w .37
All medicament users	Chi² 66.7; df 6; p < 0.001; w .17
Inpatient care (days)
No	2.5	1.0	56.2	40.2	100.0
1–9	2.4	2.4	64.5	30.7	100.0
10 or more	5.9	2.2	73.7	18.2	100.0
All individuals	Chi² 89.8; df 6; p < 0.001; w .14
All medicament users	Chi² 8.7; df 6; ns: w .06
Psychiatric disorders (number)
0	1.3	0.4	53.4	44.9	100.0
1 – 2	2.3	1.1	58.8	37.8	100.0
3 or more	5.8	2.4	64.3	27.6	100.0
All individuals	Chi² 133.6; df 6; p < 0.001; w .18
All medicament users	Chi² 47.7; df 4; p < 0.001; w .14

Row per cent. Among the total sample, opioid users were identified. Among all non-opioid users, SHA users were identified.
Among all individuals who used neither opioids nor SHA, other medicament users were identified.
Chi²: Likelihood chi²-test, significance levels: p < 0.001, ns not significant.
df degrees of freedom.
w Cohen's w [20].
^a Sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytics: ATC groups N01AF, N01AG, N03AA, N05CA, N05CB, N03AE, N05BA, N05CD, N05CF, N05BC, N05CE, N05CM, N05CX [13] during the past 7 days prior to the health examination.
^b ATC groups A07DA52, N01AH, N02AA, N02AB, N02AC, N02AD, N02AE, N02AF, N02AG, N02AX, N02CX58 [13] during the past 7 days prior to the health examination.

ISSN: 1471-2458