Sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic and opioid medicament use and its co-occurrence with tobacco smoking and alcohol risk drinking in a community sample

John, Ulrich; Baumeister, Sebastian E; Völzke, Henry; Meyer, Christian; Ulbricht, Sabina; Alte, Dietrich

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-337

Table 2 Sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics (SHA), opioids, and other medicaments users

From: Sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic and opioid medicament use and its co-occurrence with tobacco smoking and alcohol risk drinking in a community sample

	Men					Women
	SHA^a	Opioids^b	Other medicaments	No medicaments	Total	SHA^a	Opioids^b	Other medicaments	No medicaments	Total
Total	2.1	0.9	55.8	41.2	100.0	3.5	1.5	60.6	34.4	100.0
Current smokers, alcohol risk drinkers
Smoker, risk drinker	1.9	0.4	37.9	59.8	100.0	4.8	0.0	58.7	36.5	100.0
Smoker, non risk drinker	2.7	0.4	43.9	52.9	100.0	2.7	2.1	47.3	47.9	100.0
Non smoker, risk drinker	1.6	0.0	55.9	42.6	100.0	3.8	0.9	57.6	37.7	100.0
Non smoker, non risk drinker	2.2	1.5	65.1	31.2	100.0	3.7	1.4	65.6	29.3	100.0
All individuals	Chi² 119.9; df 9; p < 0.001; w .24					Chi² 65.0; df 9; p < 0.001; w .17
All medicament users Age 20–39	Chi² 11.9; df 6; ns; w .09					Chi² 5.9; df 6; ns; w .06
Current smokers, alcohol risk drinkers
Smoker, risk drinker	2.4	0.8	30.4	66.4	100.0	0.0	0.0	50.0	50.0	100.0
Smoker, non risk drinker	2.1	0.5	35.2	62.2	100.0	1.1	1.8	38.6	58.5	100.0
Non smoker, risk drinker	1.2	0.0	29.4	69.4	100.0	0.0	2.9	38.2	58.8	100.0
Non smoker, non risk drinker	0.5	0.5	29.6	69.4	100.0	1.1	0.5	40.4	58.0	100.0
All individuals	Chi² 6.1; df 9; ns; w .09					Chi² 6.0; df 9; ns; w .09
All medicament users Age 40–59	Chi² 3.4; df 6; ns; w .12					Chi² 5.3; df 6; ns; w .12
Current smokers, alcohol risk drinkers
Smoker, risk drinker	1.7	0.0	37.6	60.7	100.0	8.3	0.0	63.9	27.8	100.0
Smoker, non risk drinker	1.3	0.6	37.9	60.1	100.0	4.2	3.2	51.8	40.7	100.0
Non smoker, risk drinker	0.0	0.0	54.2	45.8	100.0	2.0	0.0	65.3	32.6	100.0
Non smoker, non risk drinker	1.0	2.5	53.3	43.2	100.0	2.2	1.5	66.0	30.3	100.0
All individuals	Chi² 32.0; df 9; p < 0.001; w .20					Chi² 18.8; df 9; p < 0.05; w .15
All medicament users Age 60–79	Chi² 13.4; df 6; p < 0.05; w .16					Chi² 11.6; df 6; ns; w .15
Current smokers, alcohol risk drinkers
Smoker, risk drinker	0.0	0.0	74.1	25.9	100.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	100.0
Smoker, non risk drinker	6.2	0.0	70.8	22.9	100.0	5.0	0.0	73.3	21.7	100.0
Non smoker, risk drinker	4.3	0.0	82.8	12.9	100.0	13.0	0.0	69.6	17.4	100.0
Non smoker, non risk drinker	3.4	1.3	85.1	10.2	100.0	6.7	1.9	81.4	10.0	100.0
All individuals	Chi² 22.8; df 9; p < 0.01; w .17					Chi² 11.6; df 9; ns; w .13
All medicament users	Chi² 8.4; df 6; ns; w .10					Chi² 4.3; df 6; ns; w .08

Row per cent. Among the total sample, opioid users were identified. Among all non-opioid users, SHA users were identified.
Among all individuals who used neither opioids nor SHA, other medicament users were identified.
Chi²: Likelihood chi²-test, significance levels: p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, ns not significant.
df degrees of freedom.
w Cohen's w [20].
^a Sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytics: ATC groups N01AF, N01AG, N03AA, N05CA, N05CB, N03AE, N05BA, N05CD, N05CF, N05BC, N05CE, N05CM, N05CX [13] during the past 7 days prior to the health examination.
^b ATC groups A07DA52, N01AH, N02AA, N02AB, N02AC, N02AD, N02AE, N02AF, N02AG, N02AX, N02CX58 [13] during the past 7 days prior to the health examination.

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